補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
小伙伴們知道什么是同位語(yǔ)嗎?什么是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)呢?下面就跟著學(xué)習(xí)啦小編一起來(lái)看看吧。
主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
1.同位語(yǔ)用法
同位語(yǔ)是用來(lái)對(duì)名詞(或代詞)做進(jìn)一步解釋的.它可以是單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句.同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞從句的一種,置于某些名詞之后.這些名詞包括：fact,doubt,idea,news,hope,indication,decision,possibility,assumption,suggestion,question等.這類(lèi)從句通常由that引導(dǎo),有時(shí)也可用what,why,whether,when等引導(dǎo).
在閱讀和翻譯的時(shí)候,要特別注意的是同位語(yǔ)和它的本位語(yǔ)分割的情況.這種情況通常是為了保持句子的平衡而出現(xiàn)的.在翻譯的時(shí)候,這種分割成分的譯法比較靈活,可將其提前,也可不提前,還可以增加“即”,或是用冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)等分開(kāi).
1.At the same time,the American Law Institute——a group of judges,lawyers,and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight——issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.
分析：the American Law Institute后面跟了一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)a group of judges,lawyers,and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight,用破折號(hào)隔開(kāi)了.現(xiàn)在分詞stating 修飾new guidelines for tort law.tort law：民事侵權(quán)行為法.
譯文：同時(shí),美國(guó)法學(xué)會(huì)——由所提建議很有分量的法官、律師和學(xué)者組成的團(tuán)體——發(fā)表了侵權(quán)行為法的新指導(dǎo)原則,說(shuō)明公司沒(méi)有必要提醒顧客提防明顯的危險(xiǎn),也沒(méi)有必要向他們開(kāi)列出大量的可能的危險(xiǎn).
2.When the closed circuit is broken at any point——that is,when the path of conducting material is interrupted——there will be no current.
分析：該句的同位結(jié)構(gòu)由兩個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成.同位語(yǔ)由that is 引導(dǎo).該引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)與本位語(yǔ)有一致關(guān)系.類(lèi)似的引導(dǎo)詞還有namely,in other words,for short等.
譯文：當(dāng)閉合電路在任一點(diǎn)上斷開(kāi),也就是說(shuō),當(dāng)導(dǎo)電材料的通路中斷時(shí),就不會(huì)有電流.
3.The marriage age is rising,a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people.
分析：這是一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)a condition…做整個(gè)句子同位語(yǔ)的例子.以that引導(dǎo)的從句是a condition的定語(yǔ)從句.這種同位語(yǔ)的詞類(lèi)或句子成分與其本位語(yǔ)不同的現(xiàn)象,有時(shí)也被稱(chēng)作是“弱同位”.此外,為了使譯文更加符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,可以用轉(zhuǎn)譯法.
2.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)用法
不定式、分詞、形容詞、名詞及with sb./sth.+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
一.方法
1.We mean that part of the sentence which stands in the same relation to the object as the predicate stands to the subject.
2.A.At the meeting we elected him monitor.
把him與monitor擴(kuò)展成一個(gè)句子則成為：He is a monitor.
B.What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
把Xiao Wang與angry擴(kuò)展成一個(gè)句子則成為：Xiao Wang is angry.
3.名詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補(bǔ).
4.Nouns used as objective complements.
Please do the following translations:
A.他們讓他當(dāng)會(huì)議主席.
B.我認(rèn)為你弟弟是個(gè)聰明的孩子.
C.年輕的父親給他的寶寶起名叫“強(qiáng)強(qiáng)”.
D.我認(rèn)為這是撒謊.
E.你們選玲玲當(dāng)經(jīng)理了嗎?
5.How many verbs can be followed the nouns used as by objective complements?And what are they?
6.形容詞是否可以作賓補(bǔ)?請(qǐng)翻譯下列句子：
A.我發(fā)現(xiàn)教室空無(wú)一人.
B.他們把絲綢染成紅色.
C.別把布料裁得太短.
D.一切都準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?
E.這消息幾乎令他發(fā)瘋.
7.Generally speaking,the following can be followed by adjectives used as the objective complements:find,make,keep,cut,paint,push,drive,leave…
8.副詞
A.Please call the students back at once.
B.He was seen to take his cap off.
C.It was John who took the baby upstairs.
D.I joined the two pieces of wood together.
E.Please keep yourselves off the grass.
F.We wished the talk at an end.
9.副詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)比較難于掌握,對(duì)高中學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),多用于理解,而不強(qiáng)求會(huì)用.
10.不定式
在高中階段我們只學(xué)過(guò)如下九個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞后邊的不定式作賓補(bǔ)省略to：
let,make,have,feel,see,watch,hear,observe,notice,從日常應(yīng)用的角度看,記住上邊的九個(gè)動(dòng)詞基本就夠用了.
11.Without“to”:
A.I can't have you say so.
B.You should try your best to make him understand that.
C.I noticed the thief steal into the room.
D.We observed the students do the physics experiment.
E.I felt my hands tremble.
能夠跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)的詞很多,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)在使用中注意積累.
12.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)
have,see,watch,feel,hear,notice,observe,keep,find,注意make后邊不能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ).
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