英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中也是很重要的，它可以讓你了解英語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，供大家參閱!
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：than用法的七個(gè)關(guān)鍵要點(diǎn)
than用法的七個(gè)關(guān)鍵要點(diǎn)
1. 在通常情況下，后接人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)可用主格也可用賓格，含義一樣。如：
He is taller than I [me]. 他比我高。
He swims faster than she [her]. 他比她游泳游得快。
若人稱(chēng)代詞之后跟有動(dòng)詞，則只能用主格。如：
He is taller than I am. 他比我高。
He swims faster than she does. 他比她游泳游得快。
有時(shí)用主格或賓格會(huì)導(dǎo)致意思的變化。比較：
I like you better than he (likes you). 我比他更喜歡你。
I like you better than (he likes) him. 我喜歡你勝過(guò)喜歡他。
2. 通常不與由 and 連接的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)連用。如：
誤：It’s colder and colder than ever
誤：Computers are cheaper and cheaper than before.
誤：She is more and more interested in English than last year.
改正的辦法：要么去掉后面的than結(jié)構(gòu)，要么將and與一個(gè)比較級(jí)。如說(shuō)成：It is colder than ever. 或 It is colder and colder. 等。
3. than 通常用于兩個(gè)不同的人或物在同一方面進(jìn)行比較，但有時(shí)指的可能是同一個(gè)人或物在同兩個(gè)不同的方面進(jìn)行比較。如：
He’s more fat than (he’s) short. 與其說(shuō)他矮不如說(shuō)他胖。
They are more brave than wise. 他們有勇無(wú)謀。
此類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)只能用 more 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，不能用-er 形式，即使是單音節(jié)也是如此。
4. than any other后接名詞時(shí)通常用單數(shù)形式，很少用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
He swims faster than any other student in his class. 他比班上的其他任何學(xué)生都游得快。
5. 當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常應(yīng)保持用前后一致的形式。如：
他認(rèn)為他自己開(kāi)車(chē)比讓我開(kāi)車(chē)要更安全些。
正：He thinks it is safer to drive himself than (to) let me drive.
正：He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive.
若不是連接兩個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但其后出現(xiàn)有動(dòng)詞，則該動(dòng)詞通常用動(dòng)名詞(雖然也可用不定式，但不如用動(dòng)名詞普通)。如：
I cleaned my shoes, which was better than doing nothing. 我把鞋子擦干凈了，這比閑著什么都不干要好。
Nothing is more unpleasant than finding [to find] insects in your bath. 最使人不快的是在浴室里發(fā)現(xiàn)有蟲(chóng)子。
5. 類(lèi)似以下這類(lèi)句子，可以認(rèn)為 than就是這類(lèi)句子主語(yǔ)，也可認(rèn)為than后省略了what：
He never says more than is necessary. 沒(méi)有必要的話(huà)，他從不多說(shuō)。
There were more deaths than was first supposed. 死亡人數(shù)比最先預(yù)料的要多。
有時(shí)這類(lèi)句子的省略可以多種形式，且有時(shí)其主語(yǔ)可補(bǔ)充完整。如：
他比預(yù)料的要來(lái)得早。
正：He came earlier than expected.
正：He came earlier than was expected.
正：He came earlier than he was expected.
6. 帶有never (a) 的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)后連用了than時(shí)，是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)法，通常表示最高級(jí)的含義。如：
I’ve never had a worse morning than today. 我哪一天早上也不像今天早上這樣倒霉。
若意思明確，有時(shí)可省略than結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
He is fine, never better. 他很好，比以往任何時(shí)候都好。
I’ve never found a better job. 這是我找到的最好的工作。
7. 若語(yǔ)義需要，有時(shí)可后接when, if等引導(dǎo)的從句。如：
You are a little fatter than when I saw you last. 你比我上次見(jiàn)你時(shí)胖點(diǎn)了。
They work better together than if they are alone. 他們一起干比他們單干效果要好。
有時(shí)還可接沒(méi)有任何引導(dǎo)詞的句子。如：
The game was closer than the score suggests. 實(shí)際的比賽與所得的分?jǐn)?shù)相比更難分高下。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：as的用法詳解
A. adv. to the same degree or amount; equally 同樣地，一樣地
He was angry, but she was just as angry.
=She was as angry as he was.
他生氣了，但她同樣生氣。
He has a lot of time but I don’t have as much (as he does).
=I have less time than he has.
他有很多時(shí)間，但我沒(méi)有那么多。
B. prep.
(1) in the same way as; like像，如同
Everyone rose as one.
=everyone rose together.
大家一起同時(shí)起立。
I only like such small animals as cats and dogs. 我只喜歡像貓和狗一類(lèi)的小動(dòng)物。
as和like在漢語(yǔ)中都譯做“像”，但字面下的隱含意思是不同的。
like側(cè)重A與B兩者間的比較，并不意味著A和B屬于一類(lèi)或完全相似。
He speaks English like an Englishman.
=He speaks English in a way an Englishman speaks English.
他說(shuō)起英語(yǔ)來(lái)有些像英國(guó)人。
as則側(cè)重于同一性，意味著A與B兩者屬于同一類(lèi)或完全相似。
He speaks English as an Englishman.
=He speaks English as well as an English.
他說(shuō)起英語(yǔ)來(lái)和英國(guó)人一樣好。
She was dressed as a man. 她打扮成了男人。(儼然她就是個(gè)男人了)。(相同事物)
She was dressed like a man. 她像男人那樣穿衣服(依然可見(jiàn)她是個(gè)女人)。(不同事物)
(2) in the capacity/job/role/character/condition/function of以...身份，以...為職業(yè)，扮演...角色，具有...特性，在...狀態(tài)下，起...功能/作用
As a schoolboy, he showed every sign of genius. 當(dāng)他還是個(gè)小學(xué)生的時(shí)候，就顯示出了天資聰慧。
The forest will act as a defense against desert dust. 森林能起防御沙漠灰沙的作用。
The news came as no surprise. 這消息來(lái)得并不突然。
The man was described as tall and dark, and aged about 20. 據(jù)描述這男人高個(gè)子，深色皮膚，年齡在20歲左右。
They regarded the lecture as boring. 他們認(rèn)為講座很乏味。
Many people use education as a steppingstone to a better life.許多人將教育作為贏得更好的生活的手段。
Marion works as a journalist. 馬里恩的職業(yè)是新聞工作者。
I used to look on him as a friend. 我以前把他看作是一位朋友。
C. conj.
(1) to the amount or degree that 像...一樣(引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句)
The fabric was as soft as silk. 那件織品軟得像絲綢。
(2) in the way in which 以...方式，如同...那樣(引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句)
It is as you told me. 事情正如你告訴我的那樣。
Do in Rome as the Romans do. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
(3) in spite of the fact that, though雖然，盡管(引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)
(a) adj./v-ed2/v-ing+as+主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞。如：
Oldest as he is in the office, he works hardest.盡管他是辦公室里年齡最大的，他工作最努力。
注意：adj./adv.最高級(jí)前應(yīng)省去定冠詞the。
Well-written as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it.盡管這本書(shū)寫(xiě)得很好，作者還是不滿(mǎn)意并打算修改它。
(b) adv.+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)部分。如：
Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.我雖然崇拜他的勇氣，但我認(rèn)為他這樣做是不明智的。
(c) n./pron.+as+主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞。如：
Student as he is, he does not study hard.他雖然是個(gè)學(xué)生，卻不努力學(xué)習(xí)。
You can use my bike, such as it is. 盡管我的自行車(chē)不好，請(qǐng)將就用吧。
注意：?jiǎn)涡慰蓴?shù)n.[c, s]前應(yīng)省去冠詞a(n)。
(d) 動(dòng)詞原形+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)的其它部分(時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)。如：
Try as you will, you won’t be able to persuade him.不管你怎么努力，你都說(shuō)服不了他。
(4) at or during the time that; when; while當(dāng)...的時(shí)候;隨著...(引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
He slipped as he was walking to his car. 當(dāng)他走向車(chē)子時(shí)，他摔倒了。
He became stout as he grew older. 隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他發(fā)胖了。
(5) for the reason that; because, since因?yàn)?引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句)
She may need some help as she's new. 他可能需要幫助，因?yàn)樗切率帧?/p>
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：opposite用法分述
該詞有多種詞性，使用時(shí)需注意。
1. 用作介詞，表示“在……對(duì)面”：如：
The hotel is opposite the church. 旅館在教堂對(duì)面。
Hang the picture on the wall opposite the window. 把畫(huà)掛在窗戶(hù)對(duì)面的墻上。
I sat opposite him during the meal. 席間我坐在他的對(duì)面。
有時(shí)其后還可連用介詞to構(gòu)成復(fù)合介詞。如：
He sat opposite (to) her during the meal. 吃飯的時(shí)候他坐在她的對(duì)面。
注意，住在街道一邊的人在談到街道另一邊的房子時(shí)應(yīng)該說(shuō)the houses opposite us(我們對(duì)面的房子)，而不說(shuō)the houses in front of us，后者的意思是“在我們前面的房子”。
2. 用作形容詞，注意以下用法：
(1) 表示“對(duì)面的”，若指的是某事物的另一邊(on the other side of)，則通常用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。如：
He struck out for the opposite bank. 他奮力向?qū)Π队稳ァ?/p>
Answers are given on the opposite page. 答案在對(duì)面一頁(yè)上。
但是，若指的是面對(duì)說(shuō)話(huà)人、聽(tīng)話(huà)人或某個(gè)特定的人或物，則習(xí)慣上要用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)。如：
The man you are looking for is in the shop directly opposite. 你找的那個(gè)人就在對(duì)面的商店里。
Can you see where the grammar books are? The dictionaries are on the shelf directly opposite. 你看見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法書(shū)在哪兒呢嗎? 詞典都在正對(duì)著的書(shū)架上。
比較下面兩個(gè)句子：
He lives in the opposite house. 他住在街對(duì)面的房子里。
He lives in the house opposite. 他住在對(duì)面的那座房子里。
(2) 表示“完全不同的”“相反的”，若指“與……相反”，通常與介詞to搭配。如：
She went off in the opposite direction. 她往相反的方向走了。
I’ve got exactly the opposite opinion to yours. 我的意見(jiàn)和你的正相反。
注意習(xí)語(yǔ)the opposite sex(異性)。如：
He found it difficult to talk to members of the opposite sex. 他覺(jué)得很難與異性交談。
3. 用作副詞，表示“在對(duì)面”。如：
He was fascinated by the woman sitting opposite. 他被坐在對(duì)面的女士迷住了。
The window was broken by the boy who lives opposite. 窗戶(hù)被住在對(duì)面的那個(gè)男孩打破了。
4. 用作名詞，有兩個(gè)意思是一是表示“反義詞”，二是表示“對(duì)立的事物”“相反的事物”，為可數(shù)名詞。如：
Black and white are opposites. 黑白是對(duì)立物。
But everything has an opposite. 但一切都有相反的一面。
You are nice; he is just the opposite. 你為人很好，他卻恰恰相反。
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