小升初英語備考重要知識點大全
今天小編為同學們整理分享的是關于小升初英語學習的備考重要知識點攻略,接下來就讓我們一起來學習一下吧,希望可以幫助到有需要的同學們。
第一部分:基礎知識
1.字母:26個字母的大小寫
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
2.語音:元音的發(fā)音
五個元音字母:AEIOU
12個單元音:前元音:[i:] [ɪ] /e/ [æ] 中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]
后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u :] [ʊ] [ʌ]
雙元音(8個)
?、?合口雙元音(5個)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]
?、?集中雙元音(3個) [iə][εə][uə]
3.詞匯:詞匯量,近反義詞
4.句子:大小寫,標點符號
第二部分:語法知識
一、名詞:名詞單復數(shù),名詞的格式
(一)名詞單復數(shù)
1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù):
man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名詞的格
(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
a) 單數(shù)后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 結尾的復數(shù)名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 結尾的復數(shù)后加 ’s children’s shoes
并列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
要表示所有物不是共有的,應分別在并列名詞后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
(2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關系:
如:a picture of the classroom a map of China。
二、冠詞:不定冠詞,定冠詞種類
(1)不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle
元音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson
(2)定冠詞:the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠詞的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.
(2)復述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序數(shù)詞前:John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定詞組中:in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠詞的情況:
(1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.
(2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.
(3)復數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球類 棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.
(7)學科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus
三、代詞、形容詞、副詞
代詞:人稱代詞,物主代詞
主格賓格
第一
人稱單數(shù)I(我)memy(我的)
復數(shù)we(我們)usour(我們的)
第二
人稱單數(shù)you(你)youyour(你的)
復數(shù)you(你們)youyour(你們的)
第三
人稱單數(shù)he(他)himhis(他的)
she(她)herher(她的)
it(它)itits(它的)
復數(shù)they(他們/她們/它們)themtheir(他們的/她們的/它們的)
形容詞,副詞:比較級,最高級
(一)形容詞的比較級
1.形容詞比較級在句子中的運用:兩個事物或人的比較用比較級,比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。
2.形容詞加er的規(guī)則
⑴ 一般在詞尾加er ;
?、?以字母e 結尾,加r ;
?、?以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結尾,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er ;
⑷ 以“輔音字母+y”結尾,先把y變i,再加er 。
3.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副詞的比較級
1.形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別(有be用形,有形用be;有動用副,有副用動)
?、旁诰渥又行稳菰~一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后
?、聘痹~在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后
2.副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同(不規(guī)則變化:well-better, far-farther)
四、數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先說“幾十”,再說“幾”,中間加連字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先說“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個“,”,第一個“,”前為thousand.第二個“,”前為million,第三個“,”前為billion
1,001→one thousand and one
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
序數(shù)詞
(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不規(guī)則變化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
(3)以y結尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
基數(shù)詞轉為序數(shù)詞的口訣:
基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty將y變成i,th前面有個e.
若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來后用序。
五、介詞:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示時間概念的某一個點。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具體日期。
注:(1)關于"在周末"的幾種表示法:
at(on)the weekend 在周末---特指
at(on)weekends 在周末---泛指
over the weekend 在整個周末
during the weekend 在周末期間
(2)在圣誕節(jié),應說at Christmas?而不說on Christmas?
2)在(剛……)的時候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。
3.in
1)表示"時段"、"時期",在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強調對比,后者強調持續(xù)。in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀)
六、動詞:動詞的四種時態(tài)
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時:
一般現(xiàn)在時的構成
1. be動詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。
2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如:We study English. 我們學習英語。
當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時,要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
動詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般過去時:
動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的構成規(guī)則有:
A、規(guī)則動詞
①一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
?、谝詄結尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
?、?雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:
sing – sang , eat – ate ,see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell –told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般將來時:
基本結構:
?、賐e going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)現(xiàn)在進行時: am,is,are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞
動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構成規(guī)則:
?、僖话愕闹苯釉诤竺婕由蟟ng , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
?、谝詄 結尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting