英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，是表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。接下來(lái)，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
用法：
一、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨暋?/p>
What was he researching1 all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我哥哥騎自行車(chē)的時(shí)候從車(chē)上摔下來(lái)，受傷了。
It was raining when they left the station.
他們離開(kāi)車(chē)站的時(shí)候天正在下雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r(shí)候，陽(yáng)光燦爛。
二、 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或從句來(lái)表示。如：
What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么? (介詞短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
When I saw him he was decorating his room.
當(dāng)我看見(jiàn)他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
三、 在復(fù)合句中，如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：
While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading2 a newspaper.
他邊等車(chē)邊看報(bào)。 (兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦車(chē)時(shí)我在做飯。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)
四、 通常不能用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(擁有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如：
誤：I was knowing the answer.
正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。
誤：I wasn't understanding3 him.
正：I didn't understand him. 我不明白他的意思。
典型例題：
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。同時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，“瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)”提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為"當(dāng)……之時(shí)"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為 "在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell (fall的過(guò)去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
一.一般過(guò)去時(shí)敘述舊事，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)描述背景。
A、一般過(guò)去時(shí)
1)敘述過(guò)去狀態(tài)、動(dòng)作或事件
He went to Beijing the other day.(帶具體時(shí)間)
2)表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣
a) would ,used4 to與過(guò)去時(shí)
would 表間斷性不規(guī)則的習(xí)慣，常帶頻率時(shí)間
used to 表一貫性有規(guī)律的習(xí)慣
They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words.
He smoked a lot two years ago. (過(guò)去行為)
b) Would 用于文中不用于句首，只表過(guò)去習(xí)慣。
Used to 表今昔對(duì)比的含義，敘述習(xí)慣動(dòng)作可與would 換用。
When he was a boy , he would often go there . (敘述過(guò)去)
She isn't what she used to be. (今昔對(duì)比)
c) 表示狀態(tài)時(shí)一般只用used to
Tom used to be fat /There used to stand a tree there. (狀態(tài))
d) was (were) used to +ving表示“合適于，適應(yīng)于…..”
He used to work at night . (“習(xí)慣”表經(jīng)常)
He was used to working at night. (習(xí)慣表適應(yīng))
3)表示過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷，平行動(dòng)作，依此事件用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
He sat there and listened to the radio.(依此發(fā)生)
4)表示客氣委婉的語(yǔ)氣，用于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和want , wonder , hope 等
How did you like the film? / Could you help me?
B. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
-表示在過(guò)去某階段或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生
What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生)
-短暫性動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、打算
During that time he was going with us.(表示打算)
-與always ,often ,usually 等連用表喜愛(ài)，討厭等感情色彩。
He was always Changing his mind.
二、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
A. 進(jìn)行時(shí)表某一行為的“片斷”一般時(shí)表示行為的“整體”和存在的狀態(tài)。
I was reading the book at that time. (未讀完，“讀”的片段)
I read the book yesterday. (已讀完，表整個(gè)“讀”)
B、一般持續(xù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)多與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用
It was raining all night.(優(yōu)先用was raining ,rained 為持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，故也可使用)
He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暫動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)時(shí)間連用，表反復(fù)，連續(xù)發(fā)生，不可用一般過(guò)去時(shí))
C、while 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用短暫動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用進(jìn)行時(shí)。
例：He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.
D、While 所在主從句動(dòng)作大致持續(xù)相等時(shí)主從句一般都用進(jìn)行時(shí)，但若是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞可都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作一長(zhǎng)一短時(shí)短的用一般時(shí)，長(zhǎng)的用進(jìn)行時(shí)。
I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行)
I cooked the dinner while he played the piano.
I saw him while I was walking to the station.
三、英語(yǔ)中有四類(lèi)動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)(不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))
1)表心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞，如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect5 ,please ,prefer ,know 等，若用進(jìn)行時(shí)則詞意改變。
I’m forgetting it . (=beginning to forget )
2)表存在、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如appear ,exist6 ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem等
3)表感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞，如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等.
4)表一時(shí)性的動(dòng)詞，如accept ,allow ,admit7 ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit8 ,promise等。
擴(kuò)展：中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)詞類(lèi)復(fù)習(xí)之?dāng)?shù)詞
1. 數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種，基數(shù)詞表數(shù)目，序數(shù)詞表順序?；鶖?shù)詞在句中可作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(介賓)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等;序數(shù)詞主要作定語(yǔ)，其前面須加上定冠詞the，此外，也作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，這時(shí)，被它所修飾的名詞往往被省略。如：The first ( person ) to arrive is Kate.
2. 分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法：先寫(xiě)基數(shù)詞表示分子，后寫(xiě)序數(shù)詞表示分母，如果分子大于1時(shí)，分母要加 “s”。如：one-fourth, two-fifths, three-tenths
3. 小數(shù)表達(dá)法：小數(shù)點(diǎn)前的整數(shù)按基數(shù)詞的規(guī)則表示，小數(shù)點(diǎn)寫(xiě)作point, 小數(shù)后的數(shù)字應(yīng)按其數(shù)字直接表示出來(lái)。如：18.38可寫(xiě)成：eighteen point three eight。注意：小數(shù)在句中常作定語(yǔ)，尤其在比較方式狀語(yǔ)從句中被使用。如：This stone is 3.5 times heavier than that one.
4. 年、月、時(shí)間表達(dá)法：年份用基數(shù)詞，日期用序數(shù)詞，時(shí)間用基數(shù)詞，其順序由小到大。
5. 英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有 “萬(wàn)”和 “億”，要按十進(jìn)位法來(lái)推算。如：35，845，可寫(xiě)成thirty-five thousand eight hundred and forty-five。又如：100，000，000可寫(xiě)成a hundred million。
6. Hundred, thousand, million, dozen1, score這些詞前面如又表示具體數(shù)字的詞，它們不能加 “s”,反之則須加 “s”。如：three hundred people, thousands of people。
7. 兩組與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的介詞短語(yǔ)：
⑴ in+定冠詞the+數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示年代。如：in the 1870s或1870's
?、?in+物主代詞+數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示某人的年齡。如：in one's thirties。有時(shí)在物主代詞后面可加上形容詞early或late使其含義更確切些。如：The young man is at most in his early thirties.
專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)
數(shù)詞復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)
8. 數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種，基數(shù)詞表數(shù)目，序數(shù)詞表順序。基數(shù)詞在句中可作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(介賓)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等;序數(shù)詞主要作定語(yǔ)，其前面須加上定冠詞the，此外，也作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，這時(shí)，被它所修飾的名詞往往被省略。如：The first ( person ) to arrive is Kate.
9. 分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法：先寫(xiě)基數(shù)詞表示分子，后寫(xiě)序數(shù)詞表示分母，如果分子大于1時(shí)，分母要加 “s”。如：one-fourth, two-fifths, three-tenths
10. 小數(shù)表達(dá)法：小數(shù)點(diǎn)前的整數(shù)按基數(shù)詞的規(guī)則表示，小數(shù)點(diǎn)寫(xiě)作point, 小數(shù)后的數(shù)字應(yīng)按其數(shù)字直接表示出來(lái)。如：18.38可寫(xiě)成：eighteen point three eight。注意：小數(shù)在句中常作定語(yǔ)，尤其在比較方式狀語(yǔ)從句中被使用。如：This stone is 3.5 times heavier than that one.
11. 年、月、時(shí)間表達(dá)法：年份用基數(shù)詞，日期用序數(shù)詞，時(shí)間用基數(shù)詞，其順序由小到大。
12. 英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有 “萬(wàn)”和 “億”，要按十進(jìn)位法來(lái)推算。如：35，845，可寫(xiě)成thirty-five thousand eight hundred and forty-five。又如：100，000，000可寫(xiě)成a hundred million。
13. Hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score這些詞前面如又表示具體數(shù)字的詞，它們不能加 “s”,反之則須加 “s”。如：three hundred people, thousands of people。
14. 兩組與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的介詞短語(yǔ)：
?、?in+定冠詞the+數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示年代。如：in the 1870s或1870's
?、?in+物主代詞+數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示某人的年齡。如：in one's thirties。有時(shí)在物主代詞后面可加上形容詞early或late使其含義更確切些。如：The young man is at most in his early thirties.
相關(guān)文章：
1.英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中名詞的注意點(diǎn)講解
2.英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法和技巧指導(dǎo)
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
