英語語法句子成分分析
英語語法句子成分分析
英語語法句子成分是英語的核心，小編在這里整理了相關(guān)知識(shí)，希望能幫助到大家。
英語語法句子成分分析
句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主語、謂語、表語、賓語(直接和間接賓語)、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。
主語
主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的單詞或短語來充當(dāng)，也有從句充當(dāng)?shù)默F(xiàn)象。大多數(shù)主語都在句首。
如：
講述“誰” We work in a big factory.
講述“什么” The classroom is very big.
數(shù)詞作主語 Three are enough.
從句作主語 What we need is food. 我們最需要的是食物.
▲ 在“There be …”句型中，主語的位置在中間。如：
There are some bottles of milk in the box.
▲ 在個(gè)別句型中，主語在整個(gè)句子后面，這時(shí)前面用it作形式主語。如：
It is very interesting toplay the game called “treat or trick”.
It took two workers aboutthree months to build the house.
謂語
謂語時(shí)用來說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”，謂語必須是動(dòng)詞，謂語和主語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”兩方面必須一致。
如：He is very generous.
She looks very smart and cool
We have finished the job.
He can speak German.
表語
表語說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、介詞、副詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)，它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。
形容詞作表語
You look youngerthan before. 名詞作表語
Myfather is a teacher. 副詞作表語
Everyone is here. 介詞短語作表語
They are at the theatre.不定式作表語
My job is to teach them English. 動(dòng)名詞作表語
Her job is training the nurses.從句作表語
賓語
▲賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對象，由名詞、代詞、不定式、或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語或從句來充當(dāng)，它和謂語動(dòng)詞一起說明主語是什么，通常放在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。有時(shí)，會(huì)有雙賓語。
如：
名詞作賓語 He never forgives others for their mistakes.
代詞做賓語 He often helps me.
不定式作賓語 He likes to sleep in theopen air.
動(dòng)名詞作賓語The Americans enjoyed livingin China.
從句做賓語 I believe that they can finish the work intime.
▲直接賓語和間接賓語
及物動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，后面要跟賓語，賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的對象。但有些動(dòng)詞除了直接賓語外，還需要有一個(gè)間接賓語，間接賓語表語動(dòng)作是對誰做的，所以只能用名詞或代詞來充當(dāng)。如：
We brought themsome food.
主 謂 間賓 直賓
間接賓語可以放在直接賓語后面，但必須加to 或 for。
賓補(bǔ)
在英語的句子中有些句子里只有賓語并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面加上賓語的補(bǔ)足語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。我們把“賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”合起來稱為復(fù)合賓語。復(fù)合賓語所表達(dá)的意思相當(dāng)于一個(gè)巨資的意思。名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語.
如:
名詞作賓補(bǔ)If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
形容詞作賓補(bǔ) Don’t make your hands dirty.
副詞作賓補(bǔ) We found Li Ming out when we arrived.
介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)Make yourself at home.
省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)I saw a girl go into the building.
帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ) The boy ordered the dog to lie down.
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)The boss kept them working all day.
過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)Yesterday he got his leg broken.
在英語中,常見的“賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
▲“賓語+名詞”。常用于改結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。
We call himJack.
They made Li Lei their monitor.
▲“賓語+形容詞”。常見的動(dòng)詞有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。
如：Do you think his idea wrong?
We must keep our classroom clean.
We can’t leave him alone.
▲“賓語+副詞”。副詞作賓補(bǔ)常表示賓語的狀態(tài)，與賓語有邏輯上的主表關(guān)系。常見的副詞有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。
如：Let him in/ out.
Mr. Li droveus home.
When got there, we found him out.
▲“賓語+介詞短語”。介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)常表示其邏輯主語(即賓語)所處的狀態(tài)，兩者有主表的關(guān)系。
如：We found everything in good order.
We regard him as our good friend.
He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.
▲“賓語+不定式”
充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的不定式有三種：
A 要求帶to的不定式
B要求不帶to的不定式let, make, see, hear, watch等
C 單詞help 后可加 to 或不加 to
▲“賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，此時(shí)在該句型中的賓語即為現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯上的主語，有著主謂關(guān)系。
I saw them playing on the playground.
I heard Mary singingin the classroom.
▲“賓語+過去分詞”。
賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。
I had my bikestolen.
The teacherexplained again and again to make himself understood.
▲ 形式賓語+形容詞
We found itimpossible to get there before Saturday.
▲賓語+what從句
Call me what you like. Mr. Li has made the factory what it istoday.
The mountain village is different from what it wasten years ago.
定語
▲定語用來修飾名詞或代詞。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等都可以充當(dāng)定語。因?yàn)樗切揎椕~或代詞的，而名詞和代詞可以作主語、表語或賓語，所以定語的位置很靈活，凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。
如：
形容詞作定語 The black bike is mine.
代詞作定語 What’s your name?
名詞作定語 They madesome paper flowers.
介詞短語作定語 The boys inthe room are in Class Three, Grade One.
從句作定語 The tall boy whois standing there is Peter.
▲修飾不定代詞 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody,anybody, nobody 的定語必須后置。
如： We’ll go to have something English.
If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else.
Do you have anything important totell me?
▲介詞短語作定語時(shí)要后置。
如：Do you know the boy behind thetree?
The students in the room are all my friends.
I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.
▲動(dòng)詞的不定式作定語時(shí)要后置
What about something to drink?
I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.
▲near by,below, downstairs等個(gè)別方位詞作定語時(shí)要后置。
如：
We are at the topof the hill. Can you see the village below?
The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?
狀語
狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。它表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式，從句或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。狀語一般放在句末，但有時(shí)也可以放在句首、句中。
如：
He did it carefully(程度狀語)
They missed me very much.(程度狀語)
Without his help, we couldn’t work itout.(條件狀語)
In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.(目的狀語)
When I was young, I could swim well.(時(shí)間狀語)
讀這些句子巧記句子成分
The snow glows white on the mountain tonight
皚皚白雪覆蓋今夜的山
Not a footprint to be seen
埋藏身后我的足跡
A kingdom of isolation
在這孤獨(dú)白色的國度
And it looks like I'm the queen
我就是那冰雪的女王
The wind is howling like this swirling storm inside
狂風(fēng)呼號(hào)，內(nèi)心變涌動(dòng)不能平息
Couldn't keep it in, heaven knows I've tried
不管多努力，再也無法藏匿
Don't let them in, don't let them see
掩藏好自己，不許別人靠近
Be the good girl you always have to be
做一個(gè)好女孩，你必須一直都是
Conceal, don't feel, don't let them know
把真心封閉，不讓人看清
Well, now they know
如今被看清
Let it go, let it go
不再躲，不再怕
Can't hold it back anymore
秘密已經(jīng)大白于天下
Let it go, let it go
不管他，不害怕
Turn away and slam the door
告別過去不留一絲牽掛
I don't care what they're going to say
別人的話，何必在乎它
Let the storm rage on
就讓狂風(fēng)怒號(hào)
My power flurries through the air into the ground
雪花漫天飄下，這是我的魔法
My soul is spiraling in frozen fractals all around
冰雪旋轉(zhuǎn)紛飛，是我搞錯(cuò)靈魂在升華
I'm never going back, the past is in the past
過去已是過去，是再也回不去
Let it go, let it go
不沉溺，不在意
And I'll rise like the break of dawn
如晨曦一般冉冉升起
Let it go, let it go
算了吧，忘了吧
That perfect girl is gone
別指望我回到過去
Here I stand in the light of day
站在這里，不再藏匿
Let the storm rage on
任那狂風(fēng)怒號(hào)
The cold never bothered me anyway
寒冷再也別想打擾我
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