大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題

　　大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)老是考不好，怎么辦!!為了讓大家在大學(xué)能輕松過(guò)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)，下面是小編為您收集整理的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題，供大家練習(xí)!

　　大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題

　　Passage six(Dropouts for Ph. D. s)

　　Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

　　The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.

　　Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’

　　“The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.”

　　1.　Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.

　　2.　Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.

　　3.　Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.

　　Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.

　　As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ‘s shone in the $ 7,500 to 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.

　　As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.

　　1.　The author states that many educators feel that

　　[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.

　　[B] the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.

　　[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.

　　[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.

　　2.　Research has shown that

　　[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financial attainment.

　　[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.

　　[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.

　　[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.

　　3.　Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.

　　[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.

　　[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.

　　[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.

　　[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.

　　4.　After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that

　　[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.

　　[B] a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.

　　[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.

　　[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.

　　5.　It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in

　　[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.

　　[B] academic requirement too high.

　　[C] salary for dropouts too high.

　　[D] 1000 positions.

　　Vocabulary

　　1.　dropout　　　　輟學(xué)者，中途退學(xué)

　　2.　well-rounded　　　全面的

　　3.　attrition　　　　縮/減員，磨損

　　4.　drain　　　　　枯竭

　　5.　bracket　　　　一類(lèi)人，(尤指按收入分類(lèi)的)階層

　　6.　lagging behind other fields　　落后于其它領(lǐng)域

　　7.　glum　　　　　陰郁的

　　難句譯注

　　1.　Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s.

　　【參考譯文】教育工作者嚴(yán)重關(guān)注博士生輟學(xué)的高比率;這對(duì)迫切需要博士生的國(guó)家是一個(gè)人才方面的嚴(yán)重?fù)p失。

　　2.　It was base on 22,000questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】sent過(guò)去分詞，修飾questionnaires。Who定語(yǔ)從句修飾students。

　　【參考譯文】這份全面調(diào)查報(bào)告是以22000份調(diào)查表分送給以前在24所大學(xué)就讀的博士生為基礎(chǔ)的。這份全面調(diào)查報(bào)告似乎說(shuō)明過(guò)去許多擔(dān)心害怕是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的。

　　3.　Attrition at the Ph. D. lever is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity.

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】被動(dòng)句。To capacity滿(mǎn)額，全力。

　　【參考譯文】博士水平的人員的縮減被認(rèn)為是寶貴的教授時(shí)間的浪費(fèi)和已經(jīng)被使用到極限的大學(xué)資源的枯竭。

　　4.　This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】the fact的同位語(yǔ)that從句中的where是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾academic fields。

　　【參考譯文】這也可能表明這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：在博士能掙到高工資的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域中，高工資仍然落后于其它領(lǐng)域。

　　寫(xiě)作方法與文章大意

　　這是一篇論及“博士生輟學(xué)”的文章。采用對(duì)比和因果手法。文章一開(kāi)始就提出教育工作者嚴(yán)重關(guān)注博士生輟學(xué)達(dá)50%的問(wèn)題。而調(diào)查報(bào)告證明，只有31%。輟學(xué)造成不良后果，有人建議中途退學(xué)者回爐再念博士學(xué)位學(xué)業(yè)。研究表明不行。列出理由并加以分析。

　　答案詳解

　　1.　A. 許多教育工作者感到應(yīng)采取步驟讓輟學(xué)者回校學(xué)習(xí)，特別是有些學(xué)科。這在第三段后一句話(huà)：“有些人建議高級(jí)專(zhuān)家和大學(xué)教師短缺現(xiàn)象可以通過(guò)勸說(shuō)輟學(xué)者返回校園完成博士學(xué)位來(lái)減少。”

　　B. 輟學(xué)者應(yīng)回到稍第幾的學(xué)校去完成學(xué)業(yè)。 C. 有博士學(xué)位的人一般比輟學(xué)者具有較好的適應(yīng)性。 D. 高輟學(xué)率主要原因在于教師方面缺乏刺激鼓勵(lì)。這三項(xiàng)文內(nèi)沒(méi)有提。

　　2.　D.約三分之一開(kāi)始就讀博士學(xué)位的人沒(méi)有完成學(xué)業(yè)取得學(xué)位。第二段第一句：“輟學(xué)率為31%。大多數(shù)情況下，輟學(xué)人不能完成博士學(xué)位學(xué)業(yè)，就去從事生產(chǎn)性工作”。

　　A. 輟學(xué)者的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入比博士生低許多。這是錯(cuò)的。見(jiàn)倒數(shù)第二段：“作為輟學(xué)者干得真不錯(cuò)的證明，統(tǒng)計(jì)圖表說(shuō)明2%人文學(xué)科的輟學(xué)者年收入為20000多沒(méi)勁，沒(méi)有一個(gè)同樣背景的博士生達(dá)到這個(gè)數(shù)字。7000至15000美元年收入水平為博士生的78%，輟學(xué)者僅為50%。” B. 在博士學(xué)習(xí)中刺激因素較小。 C. 博士預(yù)備生如果中途退學(xué)很可能改變其專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域。

　　3.　C. 博士生應(yīng)達(dá)到外語(yǔ)要求的水平是許多博士生課程的一個(gè)基本組成部分。這在第四段有所表示：“約75%的退學(xué)者說(shuō)，他們決定退學(xué)并不是處于學(xué)術(shù)的原因，而處于學(xué)術(shù)原因的退學(xué)者提出：難以通過(guò)資格考試，難以完成研究，通不過(guò)外語(yǔ)考試”。這里看出外語(yǔ)是博士生課程的基本組成部分。

　　A. 它是退學(xué)頻繁的原因。 B. 它對(duì)理科博士生比文科博士應(yīng)考生更難。 D. 它在大學(xué)中的難度并沒(méi)有不同。

　　4.　A. 讀完這篇文章，人們不會(huì)有這種結(jié)論。這在第三段末和后一段。第三段末：“我們研究的結(jié)果并不支持這些一件(包括返回校園之意見(jiàn))：⑴缺乏動(dòng)力是退學(xué)的主要原因。⑵大多數(shù)退學(xué)者在博士課程上已經(jīng)達(dá)到和他們的能力水平和專(zhuān)業(yè)水平相一致的水平。⑶大多數(shù)退學(xué)者現(xiàn)在從事的工作和他們所受教育和動(dòng)機(jī)相一致?！焙笠欢危骸爸劣诜祷匦@的可能性，前景不樂(lè)觀(guān)。至少有25%的退學(xué)生可能考慮返回研究生院就讀，條件是確保他們保留現(xiàn)有的收入水平，有些還要保留他們目前的工作?！?/p>

　　B. 博士生退學(xué)者，大體而論，并不具備得到學(xué)位所需要的一切。 C. 學(xué)院和大學(xué)雇傭了許多退學(xué)生。 D. 博士生在非學(xué)術(shù)崗位上沒(méi)有掙到他們應(yīng)得的錢(qián)。B.、C.兩項(xiàng)文內(nèi)沒(méi)提。D.不對(duì)，參見(jiàn)難句譯注4。

　　5.　A. 博士生的工資太低。見(jiàn)第四題A.的譯注和難句譯注4。

　　B. 學(xué)術(shù)要求太高。這只是某些因?qū)W術(shù)原因輟學(xué)者之強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn)。 C. 輟學(xué)者工資太高。不是太高而是有一部分高于博士生。見(jiàn)第二題D項(xiàng)注釋。 D. 職位低。文內(nèi)沒(méi)有提。

　　考研英語(yǔ)政治闖關(guān)技巧

　　江湖上，每每俠客想要救人或是尋求某物都會(huì)有這樣那樣的闖關(guān)之說(shuō)，想想我們考研的一干人等在通關(guān)考研這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)也與江湖規(guī)則有相似之處。俠客必會(huì)使出所學(xué)絕活勇闖關(guān)門(mén)，當(dāng)然考研人也一樣需要掌握必備的闖關(guān)術(shù)。我作為通關(guān)成功之士就在這里獻(xiàn)上我的三大“闖關(guān)術(shù)”，以期對(duì)后來(lái)志士有所幫助吧!

　　闖關(guān)術(shù)之英語(yǔ)：重視真題，早下手多努力

　　首先，一定要重視真題，特別是其中的閱讀部分，至少要做五遍以上，對(duì)于其中的經(jīng)典文章，比較好要能背誦。具體言之，第一遍主要是自測(cè)(可保留近幾年的真題)，可在單詞背完一到二遍后進(jìn)行，先做題(閱讀部分)，一定要在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成，然后對(duì)答案。注意在第一遍做題的時(shí)候比較好把答案寫(xiě)在草稿紙上，而不要直接寫(xiě)在試題上。對(duì)完答案后，自己想對(duì)也做對(duì)的可不用去管，自己想錯(cuò)但做對(duì)的在題目前標(biāo)注“?”，自己做錯(cuò)的在題目前標(biāo)注“X”,這樣，之后再看的時(shí)候就重點(diǎn)看自己當(dāng)初做錯(cuò)的和稀里糊涂做對(duì)的題目。對(duì)完答案后，一定要仔細(xì)比照試題解析從“單詞、長(zhǎng)難句、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、試題”四個(gè)方面仔細(xì)研究試題。另外應(yīng)把真題中好的句子和句式摘錄下來(lái)以備以后作文使用。第三遍看的時(shí)候可結(jié)合一些有關(guān)命題規(guī)律的書(shū)從“題型”的角度去把握試題，爭(zhēng)取會(huì)做一道題就會(huì)做一種類(lèi)型的題。

　　其次，英語(yǔ)要天天看。英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)日積月累的過(guò)程，只有天天不間斷的看英語(yǔ)才能確保英語(yǔ)水平的穩(wěn)步提高，因此每天都要拿出一段時(shí)間來(lái)看英語(yǔ)，比較好是養(yǎng)成早讀的習(xí)慣，可讀單詞，看讀真題。特別應(yīng)指出的是，后一個(gè)月間，每?jī)商旎蛞惶於家鲆惶最}(閱讀部分)，比較好是尚未做過(guò)的歷年真題，以防止手生，保持題感?？傊挥?天天學(xué)英語(yǔ)，才能保持語(yǔ)感，終保持題感。

　　后，關(guān)于單詞：不間斷，反復(fù)看，尤其注意單詞的?？己x和生僻含義，通過(guò)真題記憶單詞。關(guān)于語(yǔ)法：不必專(zhuān)門(mén)復(fù)習(xí)，遇到不清楚的，隨時(shí)查閱，廣泛閱讀足以彌補(bǔ)在這方面的不足。關(guān)于新題型：萬(wàn)變不離其宗，后一段時(shí)間練習(xí)一下即可。關(guān)于完型、翻譯：一般重視即可，包含于閱讀之中，在于平時(shí)積累，短時(shí)間內(nèi)難以提高。關(guān)于閱讀：?jiǎn)卧~是基礎(chǔ)，方法是關(guān)鍵;精做歷年真題以研究答題方法和出題思路。關(guān)于作文：注意從歷年真題閱讀中挖掘?qū)懽髻Y源，記模板，記句型，反復(fù)用，經(jīng)常寫(xiě)(后一個(gè)月?tīng)?zhēng)取兩天一篇)?？傊瑢?duì)于英語(yǔ)，要早下手，多努力，只有堅(jiān)持不懈，方能水滴石穿。去看看 考研英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)妙招

　　闖關(guān)術(shù)之政治：重視基礎(chǔ)，理解基礎(chǔ)多記憶

　　首先，一定要重視基礎(chǔ)，把一些基本的概念都要搞懂弄透，因?yàn)樵囶}考查的都是一些很基礎(chǔ)的東西。其次，一定要好好的利用歷年真題。我政治復(fù)習(xí)開(kāi)始的較晚，看的時(shí)間也較少，因此能考到85分著實(shí)出乎我的意料，現(xiàn)在想來(lái)，之所以能考這么多分實(shí)則是沾了真題的光。后一段時(shí)間，我每天都會(huì)拿出一個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)研究政治真題(特別是主觀(guān)題)的答題思路，后我發(fā)現(xiàn)政治主觀(guān)題的答題秘訣有二：一是答主觀(guān)題時(shí)一定要先解釋題目中的概念。例如，“從精神文明的角度，談?wù)勔婪ㄖ螄?guó)與和諧社會(huì)的關(guān)系”，那么首先就要對(duì)“精神文明”“依法治國(guó)”“和諧社會(huì)”這三個(gè)概念進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)@樣就先得了一半以上的分?jǐn)?shù)。二是要多答要點(diǎn)，少展開(kāi)論述，因?yàn)榕芯硎遣赛c(diǎn)給分。