2019年12月7日雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)
雅思閱讀考試前很多考生想要做幾套機(jī)經(jīng)練習(xí)，為了滿(mǎn)足各位考生的備考需求，今天小編為大家?guī)?lái)了2019年12月7日雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)內(nèi)容，希望各位考生能結(jié)合有效的機(jī)經(jīng)練習(xí)，在這場(chǎng)雅思閱讀考試中拿到自己想要的成績(jī)。
2019年12月7日雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)1
文章題目Living with uncertainty
重復(fù)年份20160109A 20140515
題材自然環(huán)境
題型判斷 7+簡(jiǎn)答 6
文章大意澳洲的氣候變化無(wú)常，所以那里的生物需要很強(qiáng)的應(yīng)變能力。有一種 P 鳥(niǎo)可 以知道什么地方什么時(shí)候下雨，可以提前飛去找水喝。當(dāng)?shù)厝藶榱酸鳙C把森 林燒掉，另一種要吃 salt bush 的鳥(niǎo)就因此滅絕了。歐洲人來(lái)了之后大量種 植 wheat，Emu 喜歡吃，所以繁殖很快。
部分答案參考：
判斷：
第一種鳥(niǎo)避開(kāi)下雨的地方。N
簡(jiǎn)答：
1.Aboriginal 做了什么來(lái)方便他們打獵 lit fire
2. G 鳥(niǎo)滅絕的原因：salt bush
3. Emu 吃 wheat
2019年12月7日雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)2
文章題目Trade
重復(fù)年份20160109B 20120728
題材發(fā)展史
題型暫無(wú)
文章大意貿(mào)易的發(fā)展史，講了貿(mào)易的人的天性以及各地的貿(mào)易發(fā)展水平和狀況。
Basically trade means exchange of goods, services, or both. Trade is also called commerce. The actual face of trade was barter, which was the direct exchange of goods and services. Today traders generally negotiate through a medium of exchange, like money, which then makes buying separate from selling, or earning. The invention of money has made trade simpler. Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade, while trade between more than two traders is called multilateral trade.
Trade exists for many reasons. It can be due to specialization and division of labor. Trade exists between regions because different regions have a comparative advantage in the production of some tradable commodity, or because different regions' size helps getting benefits of mass production.
History of Trade:
Trade originated in prehistoric times. It was the main facility of prehistoric people, who bartered goods and services from each other when modern money was never even thought of. Peter Watson dates the history of long-distance commerce from circa 150,000 years ago.
Trade is believed to have taken place throughout much of recorded human history. Materials used for the creation of jewelry were traded with Egypt since 3000 BC. Long-distance trade routes first appeared in the 3rd millennium BC, by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia when they traded with the Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley. Trading is greatly important to the global economy. From the very beginning of Greek civilization to the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, a financially worthwhile trade brought valuable spice to Europe from the Far East, including China.
The fall of the Roman Empire, and the succeeding Dark Ages brought insecurity to Western Europe and a near end of the trade network. However some trade did occur, the Radhanites were a medieval group of Jewish merchants who traded between the Christians in Europe and the Muslims of the Near East.
The Sogdians ruled the East-West trade route known as the Silk Road from the end 4th century AD to the 8th century AD.
The Vikings and Varangians also traded from the 8th to the 11th century as they sailed from and to Scandinavia. Vikings sailed to Western Europe, while Varangians to Russia.
Vasco da Gama restarted the European Spice trade in 1498. Earlier to his sailing around Africa, the flow of spice into Europe was controlled by Islamic powers, especially Egypt. The spice trade was of major economic importance and helped encourage the Age of Exploration. Spices brought to Europe from distant lands were some of the most valuable commodities for their weight, sometimes rivaling gold.
In the 16th century, Holland was the centre of free trade, imposing no exchange controls, and advocating the free movement of goods.
In 1776, Adam Smith published the paper "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations". This paper criticized Mercantilism, and argued that economic specialization could benefit nations just as much as firms. Since that time the division of labor was restricted by the size of the market, he said that countries having access to larger markets would be able to divide labor more efficiently and thereby become more productive.
The Great Depression was a major economic collapse that ran from 1929 to the late 1930s. There was a great setback in trade and other economic indicators during this period.
The lack of free trade was considered by many as a root cause of the depression. Only during the World War II the recession ended in United States.
2019年12月7日雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)3
文章題目The history of Russian Ballet
重復(fù)年份20160114 20150418 20121124
題材發(fā)展史
題型判斷 6+填空 7
文章大意芭蕾舞發(fā)源于意大利，從 17 世紀(jì)后傳入俄國(guó)后一直欣欣向榮。出了很多優(yōu) 秀的藝術(shù)家和作品，外國(guó)舞派也對(duì)俄國(guó)芭蕾舞發(fā)展有著影響。后期以戲劇味 發(fā)展主流，一直講到本世紀(jì) 70 年代的發(fā)展。
參考閱讀：
Until 1689, ballet in Russia was nonexistent. The Tsarist control and isolationism in Russia allowed for little influence from the West. It wasn't until the rise of Peter the Great that Russian society opened up to the West. St. Petersburg was erected to embrace the West and compete against Moscow’s isolationism. Peter the Great created a new Russia which rivaled the society of the West with magnificent courts and palaces. His vision was to challenge the west. Classical ballet entered the realm of Russia not as entertainment, but as a “standard of physical comportment to be emulated and internalized-an idealized way of behaving. The aim was not to entertain the masses of Russians, but to create a cultivated and new Russian people.
Empress Anna, (1730 – 1740) was devoted to ostentatious amusements (balls, fireworks, tableaux), and in the summer of 1734 ordered the appointment of Jean-Baptiste Landé as dancing-master in the military academy she had founded in 1731 for sons of the nobility. In 1738, he became ballet master and head of the new ballet school, launching the advanced study of ballet in Russia, and winning the patronage of elite families.
France provided many leaders such as Charles Didelot in St Petersburg (1801-1831), Jules Perrot(1848-1859) and Arthur Saint-Léon (1859-69).
In the early 19th century, the theaters were opened up to anyone who could afford a ticket. A seating section called a rayok, or 'paradise gallery', consisted of simple wooden benches. This allowed non-wealthy people access to the ballet, because tickets in this section were inexpensive.
One author describes the Imperial ballet as “unlike that of any other country in the world…the most prestigious of the ballet troupes were those attached to the state-supported theatres. The directors of these companies were personally appointed by the tsar, and all the dancers were, in a sense, Imperial servants. In the theatre, the men in the audience always remained standing until the tsar entered his box and, out of respect, after the performance they remained in their places until he had departed. Curtain calls were arranged according to a strict pattern: first, the ballerina bowed to the tsar’s box, then to that of the theater director, and finally to the general public.
雅思閱讀速度多少才算達(dá)標(biāo)!
1 避免默讀或唇讀
這是很多考生在閱讀英文的時(shí)候一定會(huì)陷入的誤區(qū)，似乎只有默念甚至小聲的讀出來(lái)才能更有安全感的去理解文章，然而實(shí)際上我們說(shuō)英文的速讀最快也只能達(dá)到250 wpm，與我們速讀的要求相差很多。如果除去唇讀的時(shí)間，單純地把閱讀變成一種視覺(jué)接受信息的方式，速度會(huì)有很大提升。
當(dāng)然這一點(diǎn)在初期矯正的時(shí)候會(huì)比較困難，如果你總是不自覺(jué)的吧你所看到的文章讀出來(lái)，你可以試著一邊看文章一邊讀1.2.3.4之類(lèi)的最簡(jiǎn)單的詞語(yǔ)。剛開(kāi)始練習(xí)的時(shí)候你的英文理解專(zhuān)注力一定會(huì)受到干擾，但是一段時(shí)間的練習(xí)之后你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你的視覺(jué)思維處理能力大大得到了提升。
2 不要逐句翻譯成中文
這是另一個(gè)非常容易影響你閱讀速度的習(xí)慣。正常來(lái)說(shuō)我們處理英文的過(guò)程就是reading-understanding，然而很多同學(xué)習(xí)慣于reading-translating-understanding，增加了一個(gè)翻譯的環(huán)節(jié)會(huì)大大降低你的閱讀速度。我們?cè)趕kimming and scanning 的時(shí)候是要快速把控文章的大致結(jié)構(gòu)和中心內(nèi)容，因此考生不需要將每個(gè)單詞都翻譯成中文。
另外一點(diǎn)，大家一定要習(xí)慣直接理解“英文”，要培養(yǎng)用英文的思維方式去理解英文材料的能力。無(wú)論是閱讀還是其它的聽(tīng)說(shuō)寫(xiě)，直接用英文的思維方式相互轉(zhuǎn)化，而不是一定要用“翻譯成中文”作為中間環(huán)節(jié)。
3 排除干擾項(xiàng)
都說(shuō)雅思托?？荚嚂r(shí)一場(chǎng)體力與精力的考驗(yàn)。60分鐘的高強(qiáng)度閱讀考試需要你的注意力高度集中。
大家在練習(xí)的時(shí)候有沒(méi)有過(guò)這樣的情況：讀著讀著思路就飄走了，盯著一句話(huà)好幾遍都反應(yīng)不過(guò)來(lái)它的意思，實(shí)際上你的大腦精神早就不在reading上了。這是因?yàn)槲覀儚男〗佑|的各類(lèi)英文考試很少是長(zhǎng)達(dá)幾個(gè)小時(shí)并且時(shí)間非常緊迫的。
實(shí)際上注意力的集中時(shí)長(zhǎng)是可以經(jīng)過(guò)鍛煉的。在托福雅思閱讀中我們需要鍛煉自己集中注意力的能力，不斷提醒自己不要走神，習(xí)慣于高強(qiáng)度的英文閱讀方式，這樣才能提高我們的閱讀速度與質(zhì)量。
4 熟悉文章結(jié)構(gòu)套路
這一點(diǎn)不僅僅在各類(lèi)考試中很重要，在大家出國(guó)留學(xué)后面對(duì)海量的reading時(shí),這方面能力會(huì)大大幫助你survive。以托福雅思作文中都很常出現(xiàn)的科技類(lèi)說(shuō)明文為例，一般文章主體都會(huì)包括這項(xiàng)科技的起源以及發(fā)展歷史、實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程、實(shí)際應(yīng)用、一些科學(xué)界或相關(guān)人士對(duì)它的評(píng)價(jià)等等。
如果在速讀過(guò)程中考生能夠迅速判斷一篇文章的類(lèi)別以及明確這類(lèi)文章一般會(huì)有的結(jié)構(gòu)套路，那么你在快速瀏覽文章的過(guò)程中，你的閱讀速度會(huì)大大提高。當(dāng)然這方面的能力需要建立在大量的閱讀練習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)上，這里也提醒大家，速讀練習(xí)的時(shí)候最重要的一點(diǎn)就是摸清文章的結(jié)構(gòu)脈絡(luò)。
5 詞匯語(yǔ)法能力作基石
最后一點(diǎn)真的不需要贅述了。你掌握了再多的速讀技巧，沒(méi)有強(qiáng)大的詞匯量和語(yǔ)法能力作為支撐，一切都是空談。這里教大家一個(gè)小技巧：你在看文章的時(shí)候不要僅僅看逐個(gè)單詞，要習(xí)慣于把詞組和固定搭配一起放在視線范圍內(nèi)，這樣在提高閱讀速度的同時(shí)也能夠提升英文理解質(zhì)量。這也要求我們?cè)诒硢卧~的時(shí)候要同時(shí)熟悉單詞的常見(jiàn)詞組以及固定搭配。
2019年12月7日雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)相關(guān)文章：
2019年12月7日雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)
