初二人教版英語上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
要想取得好的學(xué)習(xí)成績，必須要有良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。習(xí)慣是經(jīng)過重復(fù)練習(xí)而鞏固下來的穩(wěn)重持久的條件反射和自然需要。建立良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，就會(huì)使自己學(xué)習(xí)感到有序而輕松。下面小編為大家?guī)沓醵私贪嬗⒄Z上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望大家喜歡!
初二人教版英語上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
see sb. doing sth. “看見某人正在做某事” 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。1. see sb. do sth “看見某人做了某事” 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程;
如：I saw her go across the street. 我看見她過了馬路。
I saw her going across the street. 我看見她正在過馬路。
2. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列”“和某人在一起”
join + 組織 表示 “加入某個(gè)組織”
take part in 表示 “參加某個(gè)活動(dòng)”
如：Will you join us?
I will join the skiing club.
She is planning to take part in the high jump.
3. arrive in + 大地點(diǎn)
arrive at + 小地點(diǎn)
get to + 地點(diǎn) = reach + 地點(diǎn)
如：My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.
I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall.
注意：reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home
4. leave… 離開……
leave for… 動(dòng)身去…/離開到…
如：They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他們要離開北京。
They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他們要前往日本。
5. a few“幾個(gè)，一些” 修飾可數(shù)名詞
a little“一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)” 修飾不數(shù)名詞
如：There are a few eggs in the basket.
There is a little water in the bottle.
6. how long 表示“多久(時(shí)間)”; 提問時(shí)間段.
how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提問時(shí)間的頻率.
如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. → How long will they stay in Beijing?
He plays basketball twice a week. → How often does he play basketball?
7. be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth. 擅長于(做)某事 如：She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball.
8. make sth/sb + adj. 使某物(某人)在某種狀態(tài)
keep …sth/sb + adj. 保持某物(某人)在某種狀態(tài)
如：Playing soccer can make your body strong.
Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.
初二人教版英語上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
一、 v+ do
1. Let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
Let sb not do sth 讓某人不做某事
2.why not do sth = why don’t you do sth 做什么怎么樣 為什么不做?
Why not put on a raincoat， its raining outside. 外面在下雨，為什么不穿個(gè)雨衣呢?
3. Make sb do sth 使某人做某事
I will do my best to make my dream come true. 我會(huì)盡我所能去使我的夢想實(shí)現(xiàn)。
Make sb + adj 使某人………..
The story makes us happy。
二、v+ doing
1. practice doing sth 練習(xí)做某事 our English teacher told us to practice speaking English
every day。英語老師叫我們每天練習(xí)說英語。
2. finish doing sth 完成做某事 my mum asks me to finishing cleaning up my room before
she come from work。 媽媽要求我在她下班回來之前打掃干凈我的房間。
3. Enjoy doing sth 享受做某事
The boys are enjoying playing basketball 孩子們正在操場上享受打籃球。
4. stand doing sth 忍受做某事她不能忍受欺騙他人
5. mind doing sth 介意做某事? 你介意開門嗎?
6. keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事
She will keep fighting in this new semester. 在新學(xué)期，她將繼續(xù)努力奮斗
7. miss 想念 I miss you very much
Miss sth 錯(cuò)過………….he got up late this morning，so he missed the bus
Miss doing sth 錯(cuò)過做某事。He missed having the class，because he got up late。
8. Sb spend time with sb 與某人共度時(shí)間
I spend the weekend with my grandparents。
Sb spend (time/ money) 某人在某事花費(fèi)時(shí)間，金錢
Sb spend (time/money)(in)doing sth 某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間、金錢做某事 (人作主語)
I spent two hours (in)reading the novel last night.
It takes sb (time/ money) 某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間，金錢 (it 作主語)
It took me two hours to read the novel last night。
Sb pay sth money= pay money for sth 為………..付多少錢。 (人作主語)
I paid ten dollars for that book
Sth cost sb money 某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢 (物作主語)
That book cost me ten dollars。
9.succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
He succeeds in giving up the smoking 他成功地戒了煙。
10. play a role in doing sth 發(fā)揮作用，有影響
computers play a role in people’s life 計(jì)算機(jī)在人們的生活中發(fā)揮作用。
11. Have fun (in)doing sth 玩得高興
They had fun playing basketball. 他們打籃球玩得很高興。
12. be good at doing/ sth 擅長 she is very good at dancing。 他擅長跳舞
13. be talented in doing sth/ sth 在某方面有天賦
she is talented in drawing。 她在畫畫方面有天賦
三、v+ to do
1. it's a good/ great way to do sth 做....的好方法.
He likes joining some activities because it’s a good way to make friends 他喜歡參加一些活
動(dòng)，因?yàn)檫@是交朋友的好方式。
The best way to do sth 做某事的方式
I think the best way to learn English is through English。學(xué)英語的方式就是朗讀。
2. It’s one’s first time to do sth 第一次做某事
It’s my first time to speak English with foreigners. 這是我第一次和外國人說英語。
3. want to do sth = would like to do sth 想做某事
4. decide to do sth 決定做某事
He decides to have a travel in this winter vacation. 他決定在這個(gè)寒假去旅行。
5. be determined to do sth 下定決心做某事
She determined to get good grades in this final examination. 她下定決心要在這次的期末
考試中取得好成績。
6. Invite sb to do sth 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事
He didn’t invite me to have dinner with them 他沒有邀請(qǐng)我和他們共進(jìn)晚餐。
Invite sb to a place 邀請(qǐng)某人到某處
He wants to invite the girl to his birthday party。 他想邀請(qǐng)那個(gè)女孩參加他的生日宴會(huì)。
7. help sb(to)do sth= help(sb)with sth 幫助某人做某事
he helped me with my English。= he helped me to study English.
8. order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
the boss ordered him to finish the work before 5 o’clock 老板命令他五點(diǎn)之前完成工作
9. plan to do sth 計(jì)劃做某事
I plan to have a vacation in this summer 我計(jì)劃這個(gè)暑假去度假
10. choose to do sth 選擇做某事
He chooses to stay at home because of the cold weather. 因?yàn)楹涞奶鞖?，他選擇呆在家里。
11. Do one’s best to do sth = try one’s best to do sth 盡某人做大努力做某事
I will try my best to make my dream come true.
12. Need to do sth 需要做某事
She needs to wash her dirty clothes now。 現(xiàn)在她需要去洗她的臟衣服。
13. be ready to do sth 準(zhǔn)備好做某事 She is ready to go out 她準(zhǔn)備好出去了。
14. seem + 形容詞 看起來….. You seem happy today. 你看起來很高興
seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold 我似乎感冒了。
15. tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事
Her mum tells her to sleep early. 她的媽媽告訴她早睡。
Tell sb not to sth 告訴某人不要做某事
請(qǐng)告訴她不要去爬樹
16. expect to do sth 期待做某事
她期待下周去香港。
17. wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
I wish you to be good. 我希望你好好的。
Hope to do sth 希望做某事
I hope to have a good job in the future. 我希望將來有一份好工作。
18. it’s + adj for sb to do sth 做某件事 對(duì)某人來說怎么樣
It’s good for you to sleep early. 早睡對(duì)你有好處。
四、v+ to do/ doing
1. try to do sth 盡量做某事， 努力做某事 he tries to finish his homework
Try not to do sth 盡量不做某事 he tries not to hurt his friends’ feelings。
Try doing sth 嘗試做某事。 He tried washing his hair with a new shampoo。
2. mean to do sth 有意做某事 I didn’t mean to hurt you 我不是有意傷害你的。
Mean doing sth 意味著、being good to her doesn’t mean loving her 對(duì)她好并不意
味著愛她。
3. start doing sth. 開始做某事= start to do sth (begin)
He usually starts cooking at 6 in the evening when his mother is not at home.當(dāng)他媽媽不在家
時(shí)，他通常在晚上6點(diǎn)鐘就開始做飯。
4. 停止做某事 the teacher is coming，lets stop talking. 停下來做某事 if you are tired, you can stop to rest.
初二人教版英語上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理
句子成分和類型
1.主語：句子所陳述的對(duì)象。
2.謂語：主語發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。一般是有動(dòng)作意義的動(dòng)詞。
3.賓語：分為動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語，屬于動(dòng)作的承受者。
4.系動(dòng)詞：表示狀態(tài)或狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞，沒有實(shí)際的動(dòng)作意義。如 be， 感官系動(dòng)詞(look， sound， smell， taste 和 feel)、保持類系動(dòng)詞(keep， stay 和 remain)、狀態(tài)變化類系動(dòng)詞(become、get、turn 和 go)等。
5.表語：緊跟系動(dòng)詞后面的成分。
6.定語：修飾名詞或代詞的成分。
7.狀語： 修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或句子的成分。
8.補(bǔ)語：分為賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語。是對(duì)賓語和主語的補(bǔ)充說明，與其有主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)的邏輯關(guān)系。
例如：You should keep the room clean and tidy.
你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。
(You是主語， should keep是謂語，the room是賓語，clean and tidy是賓語補(bǔ)足語。)
This kind of food tastes delicious.
這種食物吃起來很可口。
(This kind of food是主語， tastes是系動(dòng)詞， delicious是表語。)
注意：主語、謂語、賓語、系動(dòng)詞、表語、補(bǔ)語是一個(gè)句子的主干成分;定語和狀語是一個(gè)句子的修飾性成分，不是主干成分。
9.簡單句的基本形式是由一個(gè)主語加一個(gè)謂語構(gòu)成。
10.復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。
11.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。
一般疑問句
一、不用疑問詞，但需要用yes或no回答的疑問句，叫一般疑問句。句末用問號(hào)“?”。
一般疑問句的基本用法及結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問句用于對(duì)某一情況提出疑問，通常可用yes和no來回答，讀時(shí)用升調(diào)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“be / have / 助動(dòng)詞+主語+謂語(表語)”：
Is he interested in going? 他有興趣去嗎?
Have you ever been to Japan? 你到過日本嗎?
Does she often have colds? 她常常感冒嗎?
Did you ask her which to buy? 你問沒問她該買哪一個(gè)?
二、陳述句變一般疑問句的方法
1.動(dòng)詞be的疑問式：動(dòng)詞be根據(jù)不同的時(shí)態(tài)和人稱可以有am， is， are， was， were等不同形式，可用作連系動(dòng)詞(表示“是”、“在”等)和助動(dòng)詞(用于構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)等)，但不管何種情況，構(gòu)成疑問式時(shí)，一律將動(dòng)詞be的適當(dāng)形式置于句首：句型：Be動(dòng)詞+主語～?
Is your father angry?你父親生氣了嗎?
Yes，he is.是的，他生氣了。
No，he isn't.不，他沒生氣。
Were the babies crying last night?(進(jìn)行時(shí))
昨天晚上這些孩子們一直在哭嗎?
Yes，they were.是的，他們?cè)诳蕖?/p>
No，they weren't.不，他們沒哭。
Is English spoken all over the world?(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
全世界都說英語嗎?
Yes，it is.是的。
No，it isn't.不。
2.動(dòng)詞have的疑問式：動(dòng)詞have根據(jù)不同的時(shí)態(tài)和人稱可以有have， has， had等形式，可以用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞，分以下情況討論：
①用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)，如表示擁有、患病或用于have to表示“必須”等，在構(gòu)成構(gòu)成式時(shí)可以直接將have， has， had置于句首，也可根據(jù)情況在句首使用do， does， did：
Does he have [Has he] anything to say? 他有什么話要說嗎?
Do you have [Have you] to leave so soon? 你必須這么早走嗎?
Did you have [Had you] any friends then? 他當(dāng)時(shí)有朋友嗎?
②用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作，如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drink)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度過(=spend)”等，構(gòu)成疑問式時(shí)不能將have提前至句首，而應(yīng)在句首使用do， does， did：
Does he have breakfast at home? 他在家吃早餐嗎?
Did you have a good time at the party? 你在晚會(huì)上玩得高興嗎?
③完成時(shí)的一般疑問句
句型：Have(Has)+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+～?
Have you known her since your childhood?
你從童年就認(rèn)識(shí)她嗎?
Yes，I have.是的。
No，I haven't.不。
過去完成時(shí)的一般疑問句
句型：Had +主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+～?
Had he learned about two thousand English
words before he came here?
他來這里以前就已經(jīng)學(xué)了大約兩千個(gè)單詞了嗎?
Yes，he had.是的。
No，he hadn't.不。
3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問式通常是將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于句首：
句型：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞原形～?
Can you bring me some apples?
你能給我拿來些蘋果嗎?
Yes，I can.是的，可以。
No，I can't.不，不可以。
Can you speak English? 你會(huì)說英語嗎?
Must I finish the work at once? 我必須馬上完成工作嗎?
4.實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的疑問式：一般實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的疑問式，通常應(yīng)根據(jù)不同時(shí)態(tài)和人稱在句首加助動(dòng)詞do， does， did等：
句型：Do(Does，Did)+主語+動(dòng)詞原形～?
Do you go to school every day? 你每天都上學(xué)嗎?
Does the boy like dancing? 這男孩喜歡唱歌嗎?
Did you see the film last night? 你昨晚看了這部電影嗎?
Did he do morning exercises yesterday?
昨天他做早操了嗎?
Yes，he did.是的，他做了。
No，he didn't.不，他沒做。
特殊疑問句
用疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句叫做特殊疑問句?；卮鹛厥庖蓡柧鋾r(shí)不能用yes或no。用降調(diào)。為了便于理解、掌握特殊疑問句，我們把疑問詞分為三類：
疑問代詞：what，who，Which，whose，whom
疑問副詞：when，where，why，how
疑問形容詞：what(which，whose)+名詞
一、疑問代詞的用法
1.what引導(dǎo)的疑問句
此類疑問句可以對(duì)主語、表語和賓語提問。
A.對(duì)主語提問
What is in your pocket?
你口袋里有什么?
這個(gè)問題可以有兩種回答：
a：There is an egg in it.
在口袋里有一個(gè)蛋。
b：An egg is(in it).
一個(gè)蛋(在里面)。
There are a lot of chairs in it.
=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有許多椅子。
注意
回答此句型的問題時(shí)，答句的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。
B.對(duì)賓語提問
What did you buy?你買了什么?
C.對(duì)表語提問
What is this?這是什么?
It's a bench.這是一條長凳。
What is your mother?你媽媽是干什么的?
2.Who，whom，whose引導(dǎo)的疑問句
此類疑問句可以對(duì)主語、表語和賓語提問。
Who broke the window?(對(duì)主語提問)
誰打破了窗戶?
who可以對(duì)主語和表語提問。whom是who的賓格，對(duì)賓語提問，但在口語中who可以代替whom。
Li Ming did.李明打破的。
Who is that woman?(對(duì)表語提問)
那個(gè)女人是誰?
She is my mother.她是我媽媽。(關(guān)系)
或者：She is Rose.她是羅思。(姓名)
二、疑問形容詞的用法
what，which，whose后面跟上名詞時(shí)，這三個(gè)疑問詞起形容詞作用。
What sports do you like?(對(duì)賓語提問)
你喜歡什么運(yùn)動(dòng)?
I like basketball.我喜歡籃球。
Whose pens are these?(對(duì)表語提問)
這些是誰的鋼筆?
They are Li Ming's.這些是李明的。
Whose father died two years ago?(對(duì)主語提問)
兩年前誰的父親死了?
Which picture did you take?(對(duì)賓語提問)
哪一張照片是你拍的?
I took the one on the right.
右邊的那一張是我拍的。
三、疑問副詞的用法
句型：疑問副詞+一般疑問句的語序～?
(疑問副詞在句中作狀語，所以它們不可能對(duì)主語提問)
when引導(dǎo)的疑問句：詢問時(shí)間
When were you born?你何時(shí)出生?
(I was born)on June 5，1962.
我是1962年6月5日出生的。
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