高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
英語(yǔ)高考本身就不僅僅是背背單詞那么簡(jiǎn)單的,高考英語(yǔ)涉及到很多語(yǔ)法知識(shí),是一次非常全面正式的考試。以下是小編準(zhǔn)備的一些高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納，僅供參考。
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目匯總
1、名詞
(1)可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)
(2)不可數(shù)名詞
(3)專有名詞
(4)名詞所有格
2、代詞
(1)人稱代詞：主格和賓格形式
(2)物主代詞：形容詞與名詞性形式
(3)反身代詞：myself, himself, ourselves, etc.
(4)指示代詞 this, that, these, those
(5)不定代詞 some, any, no, etc.
(6)疑問(wèn)代詞 what, who, whose, which, etc.
3、數(shù)詞
(1)基數(shù)詞
(2)序數(shù)詞
4、介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)詞：匯表中所列介詞的基本用法
5、連詞：詞匯表中所列連詞的基本用法
6、形容詞 (比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))
(1)作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法
(2)比較等級(jí) ( 原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí))的基本用法
①構(gòu)成 -er, -est; more, the most
②基本句型
as+原級(jí)形式+as. . .
not as ( so)+原級(jí)形式+as. . .
比較級(jí)形式+than. . .
the+最高級(jí)形式+. . . in ( of). . .
7、副詞 (比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))
(1)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度等的基本用法
(2)疑問(wèn)副詞when, where, how
(3)比較等級(jí) ( 原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí))
①構(gòu)成 -er, -est; more, the most
②基本句型
as+原級(jí)形式+as. . .
not as ( so)+原級(jí)形式+as. . .
比較級(jí)形式+than. . .
the+最高級(jí)形式+. . . in ( of). . .
8、冠詞：一般用法
9、動(dòng)詞
(1)行為動(dòng)詞或?qū)嵙x動(dòng)詞 ：①及物動(dòng)詞 ②不及物動(dòng)詞
(2)連系動(dòng)詞 be, look, turn, get, become, etc.
(3)助動(dòng)詞 be, do, have, shall, will, etc.
(4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can, may, must, need, etc.
10、時(shí)態(tài)
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
I get up at six o'clock every morning.
He doesn't speak Russian.
They are very busy.
The moon moves round the earth.
When you see him, tell him to come to my place.
I'll go to see you tonight if I'm free.
(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)
I was in Grade One last year.
I got up at five yesterday.
(3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)
①shall ( will)+動(dòng)詞原形
I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.
She will be here tomorrow.
②be going to+動(dòng)詞原形
I'm going to help him.
(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
We're reading the text now.
They're waiting for a bus.
(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
I have already posted the letter.
They have lived here for ten years.
(6)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
We were having a meeting this time yesterday.
The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her.
(7)過(guò)去完成時(shí)
We had learned four English songs by the end of last year.
The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.
She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing.
(8)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
He said he would go to the cinema that evening.
Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.
11、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一般將來(lái)時(shí))
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
English is taught in that school.
(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
The song was written by that worker.
(3)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
She must be sent to hospital at once.
(4)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
The homework will be done in two hours .
12、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
(1)動(dòng)詞不定式 (全部掌握)
①作主語(yǔ)
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
②作賓語(yǔ) They began to read.
③作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.
We often heard her sing.
④作定語(yǔ)
I have an important meeting to attend.
⑤作狀語(yǔ)
She went to see her grandma yesterday.
⑥用在how, when, where, what, which等之后
I don't know how to use a computer.
Do you know when to start?
He didn't know what to do next.
(2)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式
(3)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式
13、構(gòu)詞法
(1)合成法：classroom, something, reading-room
(2)派生法：worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness, cloudy, unhappy
(3)轉(zhuǎn)化法：hand (n. )—hand (v. ) dry ( adj. )—dry ( v. )
(4)縮寫(xiě)和簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)
14、句子種類
(1)陳述句 (肯定式和否定式)
(2)疑問(wèn)句:一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句
(3)祈使句(肯定式和否定式)
(4)感嘆句
15、句子成分
(1)主語(yǔ)
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
(2)謂語(yǔ)(主謂一致)
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
(3)表語(yǔ)
Her sister is a nurse.
It's me.
I'm ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
(4)賓語(yǔ)
Tom bought a story-book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
(5)直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
(6)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
Call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean.
John asked me to help him.
(7)定語(yǔ)
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
(8)狀語(yǔ)
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
16、簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型
第一種：主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) ( S+V+P)
The bike is new/in the room .
第二種：主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞 ( S+V)
He swims.
第三種：主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ) ( S+V+O)
Children often sing this song.
第四種：主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ) ( S+V+IO+DO)
She showed her friends all her pictures.
第五種：主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ( S+V+O+C)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
第六種：there be句型
17、主謂一致
—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area________invited
A.were
B.have been
C.has been
D.was
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)問(wèn)句的時(shí)態(tài)可知此處時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。And連接的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，其前用every，each，no，many a等來(lái)修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，故本題選D。A項(xiàng)主謂一致錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致錯(cuò)誤;C項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。
18、并列復(fù)合句
He likes maths, but he needs help.
I help him and he helps me.
19、主從復(fù)合句
(1)賓語(yǔ)從句
He said ( that) he felt sick.
I take back what I said.
I don't know whether ( if) she still works in the factory.
I can't tell who is there.
Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?
(2)狀語(yǔ)從句
The train had left when I got to the station.
I'll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I'm free.
The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help.
The earth is bigger than the moon. He was so tired that he couldn't walk on.
Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job.
Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily.
(3)定語(yǔ)從句
Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.
Show me the picture that you like best.
Colour the birds which ( that) are flying.
(4)主語(yǔ)從句
(5)同位語(yǔ)從句
(6)表語(yǔ)從句
20、直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)
“ I will go to Shijiazhuang tomorrow”，mom said . →Mom said she would go to Shijiazhuang the next day .
21、省略
一、祈使句自然可省去主語(yǔ)，如：
Leave him in peace! 不要去打擾他!
Come at one o'clock sharp. 準(zhǔn)一點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)。
Listen to me, children! 聽(tīng)我講，孩子們!
Look both ways before you cross the road. 過(guò)馬路之前要向兩邊看看。
二、除祈使句外，還有其他省去主語(yǔ)的情況，如：
Don't know. 我不知道。(省去主語(yǔ)I)
Beg your pardon. 請(qǐng)?jiān)彙?省去主語(yǔ)I)
Had a good time, didn't you?玩得很好，不是嗎?(省去主語(yǔ)you)
Doesn't look too well. 他臉色不大好。(省去主語(yǔ)he或she)
Looks like rain. 像是要下雨了。(省去主語(yǔ)it)
三、Must be somebody waiting for you. 一定是有人在等你。
Appears to be a big crowd in the hall. 大廳里似乎有一大群人。
22、倒裝
一、全部倒裝
全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
1. here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如：
1) There goes the bell. 鈴聲漸漸消失了。
2) Then came the chairman. 然后主席就來(lái)了
3) Here is your letter. 這是你的信。
2. 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首，謂語(yǔ)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。例如：
1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轟炸機(jī)下面發(fā)出了一顆導(dǎo)彈。
2) Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：
1) Here he comes. 他來(lái)了。
2) Away they went. 他們走了。
二、部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。
1. 句首為否定或半否定的詞語(yǔ)，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如：
1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)這樣的表演。
2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪兒都不會(huì)找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。
3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開(kāi)房間。
注意：當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。
注意：如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如：
1) I have never seen such a performance.我從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)這樣的表演。
2) The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開(kāi)房間。
2. 帶有否定意義的詞放在句首，語(yǔ)序需要部分倒裝。常見(jiàn)的詞語(yǔ)有：not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如：
1) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他不僅拒收了禮品，還狠狠批評(píng)了送禮的人。
2) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛要出門(mén)時(shí)有個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)找她。
3) No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她剛要走時(shí)一個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)看她。
注意：只有當(dāng)Not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語(yǔ)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜歡音樂(lè)。
3. 表示“也”、“也不” 的so, neither, nor放在句首時(shí)，句子作部分倒裝。例如：
1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack. Tom能說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，我也能。
2) If you won't go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。
注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為“的確如此”。例如：
1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom讓我去踢足球，我去了。
2) ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. ---雨下得很大?！?--的確很大。
4. only放在句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)(副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句等)，全句語(yǔ)序要部分倒裝。例如：
Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用這種方法才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被請(qǐng)了三次才來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)。
注意：如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常嚴(yán)重時(shí)才會(huì)臥床休息。
三、as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前 (形容詞， 副詞， 分詞， 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前)。此時(shí)應(yīng)注意：1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞;2) 句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞， 其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。例如：
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 盡管他愿意努力工作，但是他好像從來(lái)都不能令他的工作満意。
注意： 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。
四、其他部分倒裝
1. so… that 句型中的so 位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得動(dòng)都不敢動(dòng)。
2. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中，例如：
May you all be happy. 望大家開(kāi)心愉快。
3. 在虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語(yǔ)之前，采取部分倒裝。例如：
Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你，我就再試一次。
23、強(qiáng)調(diào)
一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分(通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或狀語(yǔ))，常用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is (was) +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)… 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的 it 在句子中作主句的主語(yǔ);被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ);強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人，that和who都可用。如：
Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
另外，還要注意下面幾點(diǎn)：
1)在強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that 后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與被強(qiáng)調(diào)者保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。如：
It is I who am a teacher.
2)即使被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。如：
It is they who often help me with my lessons.
3)在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用when，where，why或 how ，而要用that 。如：
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go with us.
It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.
It was the house that the murder happened.
4)在強(qiáng)調(diào)not … until 結(jié)構(gòu)中由 until 短語(yǔ)(或從句)表示的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用固定的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is(was) not until ……that…… 注意此時(shí)原句的not…until要變成not until ，that 從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用肯定式。如：
My father didn't come home until 12 o'clock last night.
It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home.
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
5)原句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的各種時(shí)態(tài)，用It is…that (who)…;如果原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去各種時(shí)態(tài)，則用It was… that(who)…
6)在強(qiáng)調(diào)一般疑問(wèn)句中的某一成分時(shí)，主句要用一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序。that后面的原句其余部分在移走了被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分后詞序及詞形都不可以改動(dòng)。如：
Did this happen in Beijing?
Was it in Beijing that this happened?
7)特殊疑問(wèn)句中只有疑問(wèn)詞可以強(qiáng)調(diào)，其強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問(wèn)詞+is (was) it that……? " 如：
Where were you born?
Where was it that you were born?
8)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型容易和句型It is/was+名詞+that名詞從句混淆。如果把構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)的詞It is (was) … that(who)… 去掉，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分歸位后，應(yīng)該能夠形成一個(gè)完整 的句子(這也是判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的方法)。但后者的It is/was…that 是不可去掉的，否則that前的名詞就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面這個(gè)句子如去掉It is/was…that就不再完整：
It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還容易跟It is/was+形容詞+that名詞從句這一句型混淆。如：It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain……) that …… 該句型中it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，常譯為”清楚(顯然， 真的， 肯定…)”是主語(yǔ)從句最常見(jiàn)的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
9)強(qiáng)調(diào)句可以用作賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
He told me that it was because he was late for class that he was punished.
I really can’t remember where it was that I first met the man.
10)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可有如下變體：It is/was變成“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be”。如：
It may be my bike that he is riding.
It must have been the manager that spoke to you.
11)與疑問(wèn)詞連用構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句。如：
Whom was it that Mr. Smith saw in the park yesterday?
Why is it that silver is not widely used as a conductor?
What a beautiful picture it is that you have drawn!
12)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞或代詞可帶有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：
Was it Bill, who plays football well, that helped the blind man cross the road?
It was in the school, where(or：in which) I once studied, that we hold a party.
Was it in the house, which we visited last year, that the murder happened?
二、用助動(dòng)詞do或其變化形式does，did來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)陳述句和祈使句的語(yǔ)氣，譯作“的確”，“一定”，“確實(shí)”。如：
He did send you a letter last week.
We’re pleased that she does intend to come.
Do write to me when you get there.
三、用倒裝句來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如：
Only in this way can we solve this problem.
Never will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me.
In front of the farmhouse there sat a little boy.
四、用形容詞， 副詞或者否定詞very, never, ever, even, still , single，simply, just ,only, too等來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：
At that very monent he heard a cry for help.
I can't even remember the name of that old friend of mine.
Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon.
You are the only person here who can speak Chinese.
This is just what I wanted.
五、用what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句或wh-疑問(wèn)詞+ever構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句中的主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。如：
What Mary does every day is to give piano lessons.
Whenever you come to me, you can come right in.
六、反復(fù)使用同一個(gè)詞來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣 ，可反復(fù)使用詞的一般是動(dòng)詞， 副詞，形容詞和名詞。如：
He worked (and) worked until late at night.
They walked for miles and miles.
I'll never, never forget you.
七、 用“at all”，“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，“only too”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“on earth”，“under the sun”等來(lái)加強(qiáng)疑問(wèn)或否定語(yǔ)氣。如：
Where in the world did you go just now ?
What on earth are you doing?
She's not in the least angry with me.
The clerk is not at all fit for the post.
八、用感嘆句來(lái)表示強(qiáng)烈的感情，突出說(shuō)話人的情感。如：
How interesting a story it is!
九、 用反身代詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào) 。如：
I myself will see her off at the station.
You can do it well yourself.
十、用破折號(hào)、黑體字也可以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣：
It's because of hard work—ten years of hard work.
24、虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1) 概念
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。
2) 在條件句中的應(yīng)用
條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
真實(shí)條件句
真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，其中 if 是如果的意思。
時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系
句型：條件從句主句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
非真實(shí)條件句
1)時(shí)態(tài)：可以表示過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。
a.同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
句型 ：條件從句主句
一般過(guò)去時(shí)should( would) +動(dòng)詞原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b.表示于過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
句型：條件從句主句
過(guò)去完成時(shí)should(would) have+ 過(guò)去分詞
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含義：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
含義：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c.表示對(duì)將來(lái)的假想
句型：條件從句 主句
一般過(guò)去時(shí)should+ 動(dòng)詞原形
were+ 不定式 would + 動(dòng)詞原形
should+ 動(dòng)詞原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
混合條件句
主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)主，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，這叫做混合條件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
(從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。)
If it had rained last night (過(guò)去), it would be very cold today (現(xiàn)在).
虛擬條件句的倒裝
虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可將if省略，再把were, should或had 移到從句句首，實(shí)行倒裝。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意：
在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞'be'的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一律用"were"，不用was， 即在從句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。
特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣詞：should
1) It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should 加動(dòng)詞原形， should 可省略。
句型：
(1)suggested
It is(2)importantthat…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,demanded, requested, insisted;+ (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity,a shame,no wonder
(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2)在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的從句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建議” 或“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)”，即它們用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判斷改錯(cuò)：
(錯(cuò))You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(對(duì))Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(錯(cuò))I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
(對(duì))I insisted that you were wrong.
3)在表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
wish的用法
1)用于wish后面的從句，表示與事實(shí)相反的情況，或表示將來(lái)不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞形式為：
I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他沒(méi)講那樣的話。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2)Wish to do表達(dá)法。
Wish sb / sth to do
I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.
I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)
比較if only與only if
only if表示“只有”;if only則表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陳述語(yǔ)氣。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有鬧鐘響了，我才會(huì)醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung.當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響了，就好了。
If only he comes early.但愿他早點(diǎn)回來(lái)。
It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式或用should加動(dòng)詞原形，但should不可省略。
It is time that the children went to bed.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
need“不必做”和“本不該做”
didn't need to do表示：過(guò)去不必做某事， 事實(shí)上也沒(méi)做。
needn't have done表示：過(guò)去不必做某事， 但事實(shí)上做了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 約翰開(kāi)車去車站接瑪麗，所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 約翰開(kāi)車去車站接瑪麗，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家，沒(méi)有遇上John的車。)
高考英語(yǔ)題型一般有哪些
1、聽(tīng)力，在聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中，學(xué)生要即刻聽(tīng)清、聽(tīng)懂錄音材料，領(lǐng)會(huì)其深層含義，同時(shí)還須聽(tīng)懂所提問(wèn)題及快速瀏覽所給的選擇答案，并作出正確的判斷和選擇。
2、單選，要求考試掌握大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試大綱中的詞匯表，掌握詞匯之間的詞義關(guān)系，掌握詞匯之間的搭配關(guān)系。
3、完形填空，主要考察考生的語(yǔ)篇水平和綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，要求考生能熟練運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)，既能抓住作者的思路也能理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，此部分提供一篇短文，讓考生從題目提供的若干個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。
4、 閱讀理解，主要考察考生掌握閱讀策略和技巧的水平，考察考生獲取信息的能力，考查考生的閱讀速度，要求考生能掌握閱讀材料的主旨、掌握說(shuō)明主旨大意的實(shí)施細(xì)節(jié)、理解字面意思以及理解深層含義。
5、書(shū)面表達(dá)，考察考生的英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)能力，能根據(jù)所給題目，寫(xiě)一篇英文作文。
高考英語(yǔ)考試技巧有哪些
聽(tīng)力應(yīng)試技巧與策略
聽(tīng)前：略讀題目，切入話題，劃出重點(diǎn)，預(yù)測(cè)內(nèi)容(確定人物身份)
聽(tīng)中：捕捉信息，速記要點(diǎn)，有的放矢，去偽存真(短文獨(dú)白，首末為主旨句，注意5W,1H)
聽(tīng)后：連貫記憶，前后聯(lián)系，綜合考慮，一錘定音。
閱讀理解
1.歸納標(biāo)題題
特點(diǎn)：短小精悍，一般多為一個(gè)短語(yǔ);涵蓋性強(qiáng)，一般能覆蓋全文意思;精確性強(qiáng)，表達(dá)范圍要恰當(dāng)，不能隨意改變語(yǔ)意程度或色彩。常見(jiàn)命題形式有：
What’s the best title for the text?
The best title for this passage is ____.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
2. 概括大意題
包括尋找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea)，常見(jiàn)命題形式有：
What is the general/main idea of the passage?
Which of the following expresses the main idea?
What is the subject discussed in the text?
細(xì)節(jié)理解題
考查內(nèi)容主要涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、數(shù)字等議論文中例證細(xì)節(jié)和定義類細(xì)節(jié)。這類題目的共同特點(diǎn)是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。當(dāng)然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根據(jù)文章提供的信息自己組織語(yǔ)句回答問(wèn)題。