高中英語虛擬語氣知識點(diǎn)
虛擬語氣是英語語法中一個重要的組成部分，虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望、猜疑、建議或與事實(shí)不符的假設(shè)等，不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。雖然初中階段虛擬語氣不是重點(diǎn)，但是還是建議收藏，為以后打下基礎(chǔ)哦!下面小編給大家分享一些英語虛擬語氣知識，希望能夠幫助大家，歡迎閱讀!
英語虛擬語氣知識1
表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況
從句：If+主語+動詞一般過去時(be動詞用were)
主句：主語+ should/would/might/could+動詞原形
If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你，我就會帶把傘。(事實(shí)：我不是你)
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴你。(事實(shí)：不知道)
If there were no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.
如果沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會有生物。(事實(shí)：地球上既有空氣也有水)
英語虛擬語氣知識2
表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況
從句：If+主語+had+done
主句：主語+should/would/might/could+have done
If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.
如果我到那，我就會見到她。(事實(shí)：去晚了)
If he had taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。(事實(shí)：沒有聽我的話)
英語虛擬語氣知識3
表示與將來事實(shí)相反
從句：①if+主語+were to do
②if+主語+should+do
③if+主語+動詞一般過去式(be動詞用were)
主句：
主語+should/would/might/could+do
If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.
如果他明天來這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)劇?事實(shí)：來的可能性很小，不可能)
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday，we would go skating.
如果下周日下大雪，我們就去滑冰。(事實(shí)：下雪可能性很小，不可能)
If she were to be here next Monday，I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會告訴她這件事的始末。(事實(shí)：來的可能性很小，不可能)
除了以上三種主要情況，虛擬語氣還有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)和用法：
當(dāng)從句的謂語動詞含有were/should/had時，if可以省略，這時從句要用倒裝語序，即把were/should/had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。
Should he speak fluent English, we would send him there.
要是能說流利的英語的話，我們就派他去了。
Were she here, she would agree with us.(If she were here...)
如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。
有些條件句只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種情況也要用虛擬語氣。
在多數(shù)情況下，條件會暗含在短語中，如without…/but for…(要不是因?yàn)?..)等。
But for his help，we would be working now.
要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。
We would have come home safely it were not for your kindness.
如果不是你的慷慨心善，我們是不可能安全回家的。
Without your instruction，I would not have made such great progress.
要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會取得如此大的進(jìn)步。
有時，虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。
省略從句
He would have finished it(if...).
他本該完成了。
You could have passed this exam(if...).
你本來能通過這次考試的。
省略主句
If I were at home now.
要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。
If only I won the game
我要是贏了比賽多好啊!
注意，在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用were，不用was。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就會去找他。
If I were a bird, I would fly day and night.
如果我是一只鳥，我會沒日沒夜的飛翔。
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