高三學(xué)年英語必修書的必拿下知識點(diǎn)
朗讀的內(nèi)容一般說來只限于課本，并不以背誦為目的，而著重將注意力集中于自己的正確發(fā)音、連續(xù)語氣等等。通過朗讀可以熟悉單詞及其用法，體會英語的語氣、語境，增強(qiáng)語感。以下是小編給大家整理的高三學(xué)年英語必修書的必拿下知識點(diǎn)，希望大家能夠喜歡!
高三學(xué)年英語必修書的必拿下知識點(diǎn)1
1. Since從句為非延續(xù)性動詞的過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時，時間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)該從從句動作完成時刻算起。
例如：
Things have changed a lot since I wrote to you last time.
自我上次給你寫信之后，情況已發(fā)生了很大的變化。
She has lived with us since she has come here.
自從她來到這里，就一直和我們住在一起。
2. Since從句為延續(xù)性動詞的一般過去時，表示動作或狀態(tài)的結(jié)束。其含義與動詞的詞義恰好相反，具有否定意味。
例如：
All has changed since he was at home.
自從他離開家以后，這里的一切都變了。
I haven’t written to her since she lived in London.
自從離開倫敦以來，我還沒有給她寫過信。
He has never been to see me since I was ill.
自從我病愈以來，他一直沒有來看我。
Two years have passed since I last smoked.
我戒煙已經(jīng)兩年了。
但如果since從句是延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時，則表示動作由開始延續(xù)至說話的時候，具有肯定意味。
例如：
He has never been to see me since I have been ill.
自從我生病以來，他一直沒有來看我。
She has talked little since she has stayed at home.
自從她呆在家里以后，就很少講話。
Since we have owned a car， we have gone camping every year.
自從我們有了汽車后，年年都去野營。
3. 在現(xiàn)代英語中，since從句是延續(xù)性動詞的一般過去時，有時候也可以表示肯定意味。此時，多半用ever來加強(qiáng)since的語義。
例如：
She has known me ever since she was a child.
她從小就認(rèn)識我了。
I have live here ever since I was born.
我生下來就住在這里。
4. 在it is+時間+since從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，since從句是非延續(xù)性動詞的一般過去時，含有肯定意味。
例如：
It is three years since her husband left her.
她丈夫離開她已經(jīng)3年了。
It is over sixty years since the People’s Republic of China was established.
中華人民共和國已經(jīng)成立60多年了。
5. 在it is+時間+since從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，since從句是延續(xù)性動詞的一般過去時，含有否定的意味。
例如：
It is three years since she stayed here.
她離開這里已經(jīng)3年了。
How long is it since you were a league member?
你_有多久了?
6. 在it is+時間+since從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，since從句是現(xiàn)在完成時或過去完成時，均含有否定意味。
例如：
It is five years since we have seen her.
我們已經(jīng)5年沒有見她了。
It was years since I had seen her.
在那之前，我已經(jīng)有好久沒有見到她了。
It’s been a long time since I’ve seen you.
我已經(jīng)很久沒有見到你了。
另外，①根據(jù)英語慣用法，since從句不可以否定形式出現(xiàn)。
例如：
It is four years since I have smoked a cigarette. 我已經(jīng)4年不抽煙了。
不可說：It is four years since I haven’t smoked a cigarette.
但由于下句中的since不作“自從”解，所以從句可以用否定形式。
例如：
I haven’t been out anywhere since I don’t know how long.
也不知多久了，我哪兒也沒去過。
②Since從句通常不與非延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定式連用。
例如：
Her mother died when she was a child.
她小時候母親就去世了。
不可說：Her mother has died since she was a child.
③Since前不可加表示時間的詞語，但可以與ago連用。
例如：
She has lived with us since her mother died three years ago.
自從她母親3年前去世，她就一直和我們住在一起。
不可說：She has lived with us three years since her mother died.
④在It was five years ago since his father died. 一句中的since用錯了，因?yàn)樵诤衋go的時間范疇里，已經(jīng)有了從過去的一個時間點(diǎn)以來的時間，即已有了since的時間范疇，所以再用since是多余的。
改為：
It was five years ago that his father died.
他父親5年前去世了。
It is five years since his father died.
他父親去世已經(jīng)5年了。
高三學(xué)年英語必修書的必拿下知識點(diǎn)2
一.主語從句
主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較。
It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。
例如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
It is in the morning that the murder took place.
It is John that broke the window.
2. 用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)。
(1) It is +名詞+從句
It is a fact that … 事實(shí)是…
It is an honor that …非常榮幸
It is common knowledge that …是常識
(2) it is +形容詞+從句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) it is +不及物動詞+從句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
(4) it +過去分詞+從句
It is reported that… 據(jù)報道…
It has been proved that… 已證實(shí)…
3. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況。
(1) if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。
(2) It is said ， (reported) …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。
例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)
That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)
(3) It happens…， It occurs… 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。
例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)
That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。
例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)
Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)
(5) 含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。
例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)
Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)
4. What 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時的區(qū)別。
What 引導(dǎo)主語從句時在句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語.賓語.表語，而that 則不然。
例如：
1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
二.賓語從句
賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。
1. 作動詞的賓語。
(1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略)
例如：
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what， whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
例如：
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句
例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介詞的賓語。
例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容詞的賓語。
例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
That 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：
Anxious， aware， certain， confident， convinced， determined， glad， proud， surprised， worried， sorry， thankful， ashamed， disappointed， annoyed， pleased， hurt， satisfied， content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。
4. It 可以作為形式賓語。
It 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。
例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month..
5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞。
這類動詞有Allow， refuse， let， like， cause， force， admire， condemn， celebrate， dislike， love， help， take， forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
例如：
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
6. 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞。
有些動詞不可用于“動詞+間接賓語+that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有Envy， order， accuse， refuse， impress， forgive， blame， denounce， advise， congratulate等。
例如：
He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)
7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移
若主句謂語動詞為Think， consider， wuppose， believe， expect， fancy， guess， imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。
例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。)
三.表語從句
表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+連系動詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be， look， remain， seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的that?？墒÷?。另外，常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
四.同位語從句
同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。
1. 同位語從句的功能。
同位語從句對于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)。
例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位語在句子中的位置。
同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。
例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。
(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分(主語或賓語)，而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。
(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征;同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。)(第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語)
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。)(同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分) 。
高三學(xué)年英語必修書的必拿下知識點(diǎn)3
1. 對在句中作時間、條件、原因還是別的狀語不是很清楚。
2.分不清何時用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時用過去分詞。
解決辦法：
1.理解分詞作狀語時可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句。
2.分清何時用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時用過去分詞。
用法講解：
1. 分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、讓步、條件，方式或伴隨狀況。通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句;表示方式或伴隨狀況時可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句或非限制性定語從句。例如：
Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 分詞短語作時間狀語
Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits. 分詞短語作原因狀語
Given time (=If he is given time), he’ll make a fist-class tennis player. 分詞短語作條件狀語
We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. (= and think that all children like these things.) 分詞短語作伴隨狀語
2. 有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，分詞前可帶when, while, if, though, as if, unless等連詞一起作狀語，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。例如：
When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
Though tired, he still continued reading.
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時的用法比較。
不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞單獨(dú)作狀語，其邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。分詞作狀語通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成一個相應(yīng)的狀語從句或并列句，如果狀語分句或并列句中的謂語動詞為被動結(jié)構(gòu)，就用過去分詞;如果狀語分句或并列句中的謂語動詞為主動結(jié)構(gòu)，就用現(xiàn)在分詞。例如：
When compared with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
分詞部分相當(dāng)于When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主語與分詞是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。
When comparing it with the size of the whole earth, we find that the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
When we compare it with the size of the whole earth... 主語與分詞是主動關(guān)系, 所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。
Faced with a bill for,000(=Because he is faced with a bill for,000), John has taken an extra job.
Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same thing (= and he would say the same thing).
注意：
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞有兩種時態(tài)：一般式doing和完成式having done。一般式通常表示與主句的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或無先后;完成式則強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞所表示的動作先于謂語動詞所表示的動作。如：
While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.(同時發(fā)生)
Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (“等待”先于謂語動詞“意識到”)
2. 分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成: not +分詞。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.
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