助動(dòng)詞英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法填空必背的短語
助動(dòng)詞英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法填空必背的短語
過去將來完成時(shí)(past future perfect tense)表示在過去將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。它的形式由should(第一人稱)或Would(第二、三人稱)加have再加過去分詞構(gòu)成。美國英語一律用Would。小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料，希望能幫助到您。
助動(dòng)詞英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
助動(dòng)詞的形式與作用
1)英語常用的助動(dòng)詞(auxiliary verb)有shall，will，should，would，be，have，do等。助動(dòng)詞一般無詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語動(dòng)詞。助動(dòng)詞在句中的作用，在于幫助構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、否定和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)等。如：
China has entered a great new era. 中國已進(jìn)入了一個(gè)偉大的新時(shí)期。(幫助構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài))
Some boys are playing on the grass. 一些男孩正在草地上玩。 (幫助構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))
Mother is written by Gorky. 《母親》是高爾基寫的。 (幫助構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài))
We Shall have the football match if it does not rain.如果不下雨，我們就賽足球。(幫助構(gòu)成將來時(shí)態(tài)和否定結(jié)構(gòu))
Do you see my point? 你明白我的意思嗎?(幫助構(gòu)成疑問結(jié)構(gòu))
[注]在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，not須放在助動(dòng)詞后面。
2)助動(dòng)詞加not一般都有簡略式，用于口語中。如：
is not-isn't would not--wouldn't
are not--aren't [B:nt] have not--haven't
was not -- wasn't has not--hasn't
were not-- weren't [wE:nt] had not--hadn't
shall not--shan't [FB:nt] do not--don't [dEunt]
will not--won't [wEunt] does not--doesn't
should not--shouldn't did not--didn't
be
助動(dòng)詞
be的形式變化和動(dòng)詞be。be作為助動(dòng)詞的用法有下列幾種：
1)be后跟動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 可以構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：
The driver is cleaning the car.司機(jī)在擦車。
Yesterday afternoon we were discussing a new plan.昨天下午我們在討論一個(gè)新的計(jì)劃。
Women in our country are playing an important part in socialist construction.我國婦女在社會(huì)主義建設(shè)中正起著重要的作用。
2) be后跟動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 可以構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
A lot of consumer goods are made of nylon.許多消費(fèi)品都是尼龍作的。
The Flower Show is usually held here in October. 花展通常于10月在此舉行。
The cinema will be closed for repair from March 3rd.影院自三月三日起修理內(nèi)部停止?fàn)I業(yè)。
3)be加動(dòng)詞不定式 有下列各種用法：
a)表示未來的安排或計(jì)劃。如：
The delegation is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.代表團(tuán)定于明天去上海。
I'm to be home before midnight.我午夜前一定回來。
b)表示必要或命令或問對(duì)方的意志。如：
You're to hand in your exercises tomorrow.你們明天要交練習(xí)。
Where am I to put these tools? 這些工具應(yīng)該放在什么地方?
What is to be done?怎么辦?
c)表示"可能"，與can或may相仿。如：
I am not sure whether he is to turn up tonight.我不能斷定他今晚是否能來。
My key is nowhere to be found.我哪兒也找不著我的鑰匙。
d) be + about + 動(dòng)詞不定式則表計(jì)劃即將，如：
The meeting is about to begin.會(huì)議即將開始。
have
的過去式是had。Have (had)作為助動(dòng)詞和過去分詞一起，構(gòu)成各種完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：
I have known Mr. Smith for four years.我認(rèn)識(shí)史密斯先生已經(jīng)四年了。
He has not made up his mind yet.他還沒有決定呢。
A woman came in with a baby，who had just swallowed a safety pin.一個(gè)婦女帶進(jìn)來一個(gè)剛吞進(jìn)一個(gè)別針的嬰兒。
[注] have的簡略式是've，has的簡略式是's，had的簡略式是'd，如
I've，you've，he's，I'd，we'd，he'd，they'd等。
do
的過去式是did。do (did)作為助動(dòng)詞，有下列一些用法：
1)構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)和過去一般時(shí)的疑問句和否定句。如：
Do you know each other? 你們兩人認(rèn)識(shí)嗎?
How do you find the climate here? 你覺得這里的氣候怎么樣?
She did not go to hospital after breakfast She went to work as usual.早飯后她沒有去醫(yī)院，她照常上班去了。
2)構(gòu)成否定的祈使句。如：
Don't be so careless.不要那么粗枝大葉。
Do not hesitate to come when you need help.有困難只管來。
3)加強(qiáng)陳述句和祈使句的語氣。如：
I do think he is right.我確實(shí)認(rèn)為他是對(duì)的。
Do come often.一定常來呀。
Do ask，if you have any questions.如果有問題，務(wù)必提出。
4)用于倒裝句中。如：
Only then did I understand the importance of science.只是到了那時(shí)，我才了解到科學(xué)的重要性。
Never did I expect to see him there.我從未想到會(huì)在那里看到他。
5)還可用來代替主要?jiǎng)釉~，以避免重復(fù)。較常用在簡略答語中。如：
Does he also study geography?他也學(xué)地理嗎? ――Yes，he does.是的，他也學(xué)地理。
Did it snow a lot last week? ――Yes，it did。上星期雪下得多嗎? --是的，下得很多。
He works even harder than you do. 他比你還要用功。
[注] 上面最后一句中的do應(yīng)喚作替代詞，只是為了初學(xué)者的方便而放在助動(dòng)詞項(xiàng)下。
shall和Will
助動(dòng)詞
shall本身沒有詞義，只用在第一人稱的將來時(shí)態(tài)中(現(xiàn)多為will所代替)。在將來一般時(shí)中，shall后接動(dòng)詞原形。如：
I shall think it over.我要好好考慮一下。
Don't worry. We shall tell you all about it.你別擔(dān)心。我們都會(huì)告訴你的。
助動(dòng)詞
will本身沒有詞義，只用在第二、三人稱的將來時(shí)態(tài)中。will在將來一般時(shí)中后接動(dòng)詞原形。如：
He will be twenty-five years old next month.他下個(gè)月將是二十五歲。
You will have an examination in English tomorrow.你們明天有英語考試。
The weather forecast says that there'll be heavy rain tomorrow.天氣預(yù)報(bào)明天有大雨。
should和would
助動(dòng)詞
should是shall的過去式，它本身沒有詞義，用于第一人稱的過去將來時(shí)態(tài)中(現(xiàn)多用would)。should在過去將來一般時(shí)中后接動(dòng)詞原形。如：
We were told that we should sight the Treasure lsland that night. 我們被告知那天夜里我們就要看見寶島了。
助動(dòng)詞
would是will的過去式，它本身沒有詞義，用于第二、三人稱的過去將來時(shí)態(tài)中。would在過去將來一般時(shí)中后接動(dòng)詞原形。如：
He said that he would always remember that day.他說他將永遠(yuǎn)記住那一天。
語法填空識(shí)記短語：
1. 值得做......
(1) be (well) worth doing sth
Eg: This book is well worth reading for you. 這本書非常值得你讀。(用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義)
(2)be worthy to be done
(3)be worthy of being done
Eg: This book is well worthy of being read for you. = This book is well worthy to be read for you. 這本書非常值得你讀。(用被動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義)
2. couldn’t help doing sth 情不自禁得做......;
couldn’t help to do sth 不能幫助做......
Eg: (1) We couldn’t help laughing when we heard this funny story. 當(dāng)我們聽到這個(gè)滑稽的故事時(shí)，我們都情不自禁地笑了。
(2) I couldn’t help you to do housework because I’m busy with my study.
我不能幫助你做家務(wù)，因?yàn)槲颐τ趯W(xué)習(xí)。
3. name A after B：以B的名字為A命名
Eg: Tom named his son after his father. 湯姆以他父親的名字為他的兒子取名。
= His son was named after his father.(常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài))
4. judge from/by ... 由...判斷
Eg:(1) Don’t judge a person by his appearance.不要以貌取人。
(2)Judging from his accent, he must be an American. 從他的口音判斷，他一定是個(gè)美國佬。
5. compare A with/to B：把A與B做比較;compare A to A'：把A比作A'
Compared with his room, my room is even smaller.
與他的房間比，我的房間還小一點(diǎn)。(even/much + 比較級(jí))
6. break down (機(jī)器)出故障;(汽車)拋錨
break out (戰(zhàn)爭、洪水、火災(zāi))爆發(fā) (不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài))
break into 破門而入，闖入
7. deep, deeply的區(qū)別
這兩個(gè)副詞的共同意思是“深”。其區(qū)別在于：
(1)deep作“深深地”解,常用來修飾具體的或有形的動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作意義很強(qiáng)的分詞; 而deeply作“深入地”“深刻地”解,通常用于引申的場合或比喻的意義,起增強(qiáng)語氣的作用。例如：
We went deep into the jungle. 我們走進(jìn)叢林深處。
I deeply regret your misfortune. 對(duì)你的不幸我深表遺憾。
(2) 修飾形容詞時(shí)習(xí)慣用deeply,不能用deep。例如:
I'm deeply sorry for what has happened. 我對(duì)發(fā)生的事情深感遺憾。
(3) 形容靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)時(shí)只能用deep, 不能用deeply。例如:
The ship sank deep into the sea. 這船深沉海底。
8. learn from sb 向某人學(xué)習(xí);
learn a lesson 吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn);
learn sth from sb 從某人那里學(xué)到...
We should learn from each other. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)相互學(xué)習(xí)。
Try and learn from the failure. 要努力從失敗中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。
She needs to learn a lesson about telling the truth. 她要吸取教訓(xùn)才能說實(shí)話。
We can learn a lot from talk shows. 我們可以從脫口秀中學(xué)到很多東西。
9. as a result/consequence 結(jié)果(所以);as a result of 由于(因?yàn)?
As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. 因此我們不得不給菜地澆水。
He was late as a result of the snow. 由于大雪他遲到了。
10. make up one’s mind(有單復(fù)數(shù)之分) to do sth 下定決心做某事
in one’s opinion(無單復(fù)數(shù)之分) 在...看來
11. It takes sb + 一段時(shí)間 + to do 做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間
12. be/become addicted to doing sth 沉溺于...中
He is addicted to drinking. 他嗜好喝酒。
13. call on/upon sb to do sth 號(hào)召某人做...
14. be based on/upon... 以...為基礎(chǔ)/根據(jù);建立在...的基礎(chǔ)上
(1)base on “以……為根據(jù)”，用法應(yīng)是 base A on B. 如:
① Edison based his ideas on scientific experiment. 愛迪生的想法是建立在科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上的。
?、?You should base your opinion on facts. 你的意見都要以事實(shí)為根據(jù)。
(2)be based on “以……為根據(jù)”，用法是A be based on B
?、?What he said is based on fact. 他所說的話是以事實(shí)為根據(jù)的。
?、?The story is based on real life. 那故事是根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活而寫的。
?、?Some modern languages are based on Latin. 在些現(xiàn)代語言是以拉丁文為基礎(chǔ)的。
15. get rid of ... 消除...
16. But as life would have it 但是生活注定是難以捉摸
17. 以下to為介詞：(后加名詞/動(dòng)詞ing形式)
the/a key to success/succeeding 成功的關(guān)鍵;
the/a path to success 通向成功之路
be/get used to doing sth 習(xí)慣做某事 = be/get accustomed to doing sth
in addition to doing sth 除了做...
equal to doing sth (勝任)有能力做某事
look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事
pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事
devote ... to doing sth 奉獻(xiàn)…去做某事
make contributions to doing sth 為…做貢獻(xiàn) = contribute to doing sth
object to doing sth 反對(duì)做某事
refer to doing sth 提到做某事
lead to doing sth 導(dǎo)致做某事
stick to doing sth 堅(jiān)持做某事
get down to doing sth 開始認(rèn)真做某事
be/become addicted to doing sth 沉溺于...中
see to doing sth 注意做某事
Eg：I must see to getting the dinner ready. 我必須注意把飯準(zhǔn)備好。
18. 以下to為不定式標(biāo)志：(后加動(dòng)原)
can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事
spare/leave no efforts to do sth 不遺余力做某事
make an effort/efforts to do sth 努力做某事
try/do one’s best to do sth 盡某人的最大努力去做某事= do all sb can to do sth 盡力做某事
There is no time/chance to do sth 沒時(shí)間/機(jī)會(huì)做某事
It/There is no use (in) doing sth 做某事毫無意義
have no choice but to do sth 除了做...之外沒有其他的選擇(表將去做)
= have nothing to do but do sth
= can do nothing but do sth (前帶do后必省to, to為不定式標(biāo)志)
Eg：I want nothing but to borrow a magazine from you.
He could do nothing but wait for the bus to come.
19. keep/stay + adj. 如：keep quiet保持安靜;stay calm 保持鎮(zhèn)定
20. To one’s surprise/amazement/delight 讓某人感到吃驚/高興的是...
21. (at) one time or another; one, the other
Most of my friends have cheated on tests in school at one time or another. 我的大多數(shù)朋友在學(xué)校測驗(yàn)時(shí)都曾經(jīng)作過弊。
22. It is possible/probable/likely that：……是可能的
sb is likely (like) to do sth 某人可能做……
23. It occurred to sb that... 某人突然想起 ...
It occurred to sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事
It occurred to me that I had not handed in my paper. 我突然想起我還沒有交論文。
It didn't occur to him to ask for help. 他沒想到請別人幫忙。
24. avoid being done 避免被...( avoid doing sth)
To avoid being caught by the police, he ran very fast.
25. can’t bear/stand/tolerate(容忍) doing sth 不能容忍做...
I can’t bear/stand/tolerate being kept waiting. 我不能容忍久等。
26. be surprised at (doing) sth 對(duì)...感到吃驚 = be surprised to do sth
I’m surprised at what you say. 我對(duì)你所說的話感到吃驚。
I’m surprised to see you here. 看見你在這兒，我很吃驚。
= I’m surprised at seeing you here.
27. in search of：搜尋...
【注】search作動(dòng)詞指“尋找”，后面跟尋找的范圍，而search for后面跟
尋找的目標(biāo)。如：
Are they still searching for their child? 他們還在尋找他們的孩子嗎?
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