高三英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題有哪些解題技巧
短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)考生的要求較高,是對(duì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的考查,檢測(cè)考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章錯(cuò)誤的能力,進(jìn)而考查學(xué)生的詞法、句法及行文邏輯等方面的水平。那么接下來(lái)給大家分享一些關(guān)于高三英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題有哪些解題技巧,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
高三英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題有哪些解題技巧
一.動(dòng)詞形
主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如:
My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)
上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹(shù)立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念,注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間,保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。
二.名詞數(shù)
指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫(xiě)成單數(shù)。例如:
…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
三.區(qū)分形和副
及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的??键c(diǎn)。例如:
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
需要注意的是,形容詞多用來(lái)做定、表、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。
四.非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別
這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤,也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤。例如:
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)
上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義,而過(guò)去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義,不定式有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的含義。
五.習(xí)慣用法要記住
主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的??键c(diǎn),其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。 例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
六.句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語(yǔ)景要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析,才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如:
They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
第一例漏掉了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were,這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語(yǔ)。
七.邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注
與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤,常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主語(yǔ)是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開(kāi)始告訴別人,怎么能說(shuō)“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭(zhēng)端,“我們”把電視機(jī)賣(mài)了;晚上沒(méi)電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書(shū)了,所以該用everyone。
高三英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)解題思路
1.句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,特別是每個(gè)句子要有動(dòng)詞;
2.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài);
3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法;
4.名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù),格的使用是否正確;
5.定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;
6.代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;
7.定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞、副詞是否準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤;
8.并列句中的并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當(dāng)。短文改錯(cuò)解題四原則:改動(dòng)以最少為原則; 虛詞以添加或刪除為原則; 實(shí)詞以改變?cè)~形為原則以保持句子原意為原則。短文改錯(cuò)解題步驟:通讀全文,掌握大意; 整句分析,逐行推敲
高三英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤類型
1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn),常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型有①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)錯(cuò)用;②and前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致;③主謂不一致; ④缺少動(dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞; ⑤第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用;⑥主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)用。 Theydid not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote allmy time to my studies.(did改為do,錯(cuò)誤類型屬于①) As weclimbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and toldstories. (visiting 改為visited, 錯(cuò)誤類型屬于②) Therewill an important game next month. (will后加be,錯(cuò)誤類型屬于④) Oneevening she told me that something happened when her parents wasout. ( was 改為were,錯(cuò)誤類型屬于③)
2.名詞的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤:?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用。I’ll get good marks in all mysubject.(subject改為subjects) Theirword were a great encouragement to me.(word改為words) Withoutenough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改為knowledge)
3.連詞錯(cuò)誤:連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞,并列連詞and/ or/but等。關(guān)于連詞,一般考查從句關(guān)系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。 I havea good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (錯(cuò)用了who的所有格形式,改為whose) I teachthem, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此處應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折,but改為and) Cleveras she is, but she works very hard.(as意為“盡管”,不能再跟but連用,所以去掉but)
4.冠詞錯(cuò)誤:誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)音素來(lái)判定);誤用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞) We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改為the,thesame 是固定搭配) Aseveryone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds ofpants. (mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞,所以其前加a) I hopeyou have pleasant journey.(journey是可數(shù)名詞,故have后加a)
5.形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤:系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動(dòng)詞smell/feel);詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully timetogether. (time是名詞所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾) Mypronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容詞,terribly改為terrible.)
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