高一英語課本背誦知識點(diǎn)概括
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高一英語課本背誦知識點(diǎn)概括1
1. The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low. 他沒能上電影學(xué)院是因?yàn)樗姆謹(jǐn)?shù)太低了。
該句巾的why引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，而that引導(dǎo)表語從句。
1. 句中that引導(dǎo)的表語從句說明主語reason的具體內(nèi)容，往往被看作是固定句型：The reason is / was that clause. 當(dāng)主語是reason / cause時(shí)，一般不能用because或why引導(dǎo)表語從句，以免造成語意重復(fù)。當(dāng)主語是This / That時(shí)，可以由because / why引導(dǎo)表語從句。例如：One reason is that people traveled to America from all European countries.
【考例】(NMET 1999)
-- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-- Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
[考查目標(biāo)] 表語從句。
[答案與解析]A 句子的意思是“那就是你請了幾天假的原因嗎?”因此可知答案為why。
2. why在句中是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞reason，同時(shí)它在定語從句中作狀語，此時(shí)why = for which，但要注意：關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，要用關(guān)系代詞that或which。
【考例】(2002上海春招)Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
[考查目標(biāo)]定語從句。
[答案與解析]A what，how不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，排除B、C兩項(xiàng);the reason在定語從句中作explained的賓語，可填that / which，或者也可以省略。
2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark. 好多看過這個(gè)片子的人一想起片中鯊魚食人的場面.就不敢下海游泳了。
該句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜長句，從when到句子末尾是狀語從句，在從句中包含一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞scenes; 在前面的主句里面。包含一個(gè)由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞people。例如：Those who want to go camping next Sunday sign your name here before class is over.
定語從句關(guān)系詞的選擇，要遵循“瞻前顧后”的原則，所謂“瞻前”即看前面的先行詞指人還是指物;“顧后”即后面的定語從句，看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作什么成分。例如：This is the factory where he works. (狀語) / This is the factory (that / which) he visited. (賓語)
【考例】(NMET 1992)In the dark street，there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
[考查目標(biāo)]定語從句。
[答案與解析]D “turn to sb for help”為固定短語，意思是“向某人求助”，所以選to whom。
3. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. 當(dāng)有人問起他成功的秘訣時(shí)。史蒂文?斯皮爾伯格說起他的成功和幸福主要來自于妻子和孩子。
該句中的 "when" 是時(shí)間狀語從句的省略形式。在狀語從句中，如果從句主語與主句主語一致或從句主語是it，而且從句謂語動(dòng)詞是be或包含be時(shí)，常常將從句主語與be省略。例如：Although born in Chicago, the author is famous for his stories about New York.
【考例】 (2003上海春招) Unless ___to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invited
[考查目標(biāo)]狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象。
[答案與解析]A unless為連詞，后面省略了you are，所以選invited。
高一英語課本背誦知識點(diǎn)概括2
1.be good to對……友好be good for對……有益;be bad to…/be bad for…
2.add up加起來 增加
add up to合計(jì)，總計(jì)
add…to把……加到……
3.not…until/till意思是“直到…才”
4.get sth/sb done使……完成/使某人被……
5.calm down平靜下來
6.be concerned about關(guān)心，關(guān)注
7.當(dāng)while,when,before,after 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致時(shí)，可將從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞省去。
While walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose.
8.cheat in the exam_
9.go through經(jīng)歷;度過;獲準(zhǔn)，通過
10.hide away躲藏;隱藏
11.set down寫下，記下
12.I wonder if…我不知道是不是…
12.on purpose故意
13.sth happen to sb某人發(fā)生某事
sb happen to do sth某人碰巧做某事
it so happened that……正巧 碰巧
14.It is the first(second…)that…(從句謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
15.in one’s power處于……的控制之中
16.It’s no pleasure doing…做…沒有樂趣
It’s no good/use doing sth.做某事是沒好處/沒用的
17.She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place.it做形式賓語
18.suffer from患…病;遭受
19.so…that…/such…thay…
20.get tired of…對…感到勞累 疲憊
21.have some trouble with sb/sth.在……上遇到了麻煩
22.get along with sb/sth.與某人相處
23.ask(sb)for advice.(向某人)征求建議
24.make后接復(fù)合賓語，賓語補(bǔ)足語須用不帶to的不定式、形容詞、過去分詞、名詞等。常見的有以下幾種形式:
make sb.do sth.讓(使)某人做某事
make sb./sth.+adj.使某人/物…
make sb./oneself+v-ed 讓某人/自己被…
When you speak,you should make yourself understood.
make sb.+n.使某人成為…
25.alone /lonely.單獨(dú)的/孤獨(dú)的
26.I would be grateful if…委婉客氣提出請求
27.Why not do…=why don’t you do…
高一英語課本背誦知識點(diǎn)概括3
倒裝句：
一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副詞置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用 be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell. 鈴聲響了。
Then came the chairman. _來了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
二、否定詞置于句首，句子應(yīng)進(jìn)行倒裝。 neither 放句首
Tod can't swim, neither can I. 托德不會游泳，我也不會。
用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等詞開頭的句子。
Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了。
Little did he know who the woman was.他基本上不知道那女人是誰。
Seldom was he late for class.他很少上學(xué)遲到。
用于 no sooner ... than ..., hardly... when... 和 not until... 的句型中
Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 我剛到車站,火車就離開了。
No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她剛離開,電話就響了。
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老師來，他才完成作業(yè)。
三、用于 only 放句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句的句子。
Only in this way can you master English well. 只有這種方法，你才能學(xué)好英語。
Only that time did he do his homework. 直到哪個(gè)時(shí)間，他才做作業(yè)。
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in.