小學(xué)英語畢業(yè)總復(fù)習(xí)資料
小學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)更多的是語句結(jié)構(gòu)以及動名詞的使用,下面就是小編給大家?guī)淼男∩跤⒄Z知識點復(fù)習(xí)資料,希望能幫助到大家!
小學(xué)英語畢業(yè)總復(fù)習(xí)資料
一:易錯詞匯
1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞用a.
2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物。單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I , you 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人。單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.
5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.
6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時候)which(哪一個)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)
二:形容詞比較級
當(dāng)我們需要對事物作出比較時,需要用到比較級。比較級的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:
…… + 動詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級 + than(比)+ …… ,
如:I’m taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。)
形容詞的比較級是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來的,它的變化規(guī)則是:
?、?一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
?、?以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,
?、?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier
④ 雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter
☆注意 比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對應(yīng)的可比較的東西。
典型錯誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長。)
比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā)、你(整個人),那么比較的對象就沒有可比性。
應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
三:動詞過去式 動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:
A、規(guī)則動詞
① 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
?、凇∫詄結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
?、?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
?、?雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:
sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
四:動詞現(xiàn)在分詞 動詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:
?、僖话愕闹苯釉诤竺婕由蟟ng , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
?、?以e 結(jié)尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
?、?雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
五:人稱和數(shù)
六:句型專項
1、肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:
I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom.
He will eat lunch at 12:00.
I watched TV yesterday evening.
2、否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I’m not a student.
She is not (isn’t) a doctor. He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital.
There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00.
I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
☆注意 小結(jié):否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。有動詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面,可縮寫成“isn’t,aren’t”,但am not 一般都分開寫。沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上一個助動詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。這三個助動詞要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而“did”只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用“did” 。
3、一般疑問句:是指詢問事實的句子,此類句子必須用“yes”,或“no”來回答。
☆注意 小結(jié):一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上,
?、侔褎釉~be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標(biāo)點符號變成問號即可。
②沒有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個助動詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點符號變成問號即可。
4、特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”來回答。
☆小結(jié):how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種句式搭配,
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + do you have? 你有多少……?
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see? 你能看見多少……?
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there…? 有多少……?
七:完全、縮略形式
I’m=I am he’s=he is she’s=she is they’re=they are you’re=you are there’s=there is they’re=they are can’t=can not don’t=do not doesn’t=does not isn’t=is not aren’t=are not let’s=let us won’t=will not I’ll=I will wasn’t=was not
總結(jié):通常情況下,'m即am,'s即is(但 let’s=let us), 're即are ,n't即not (但can’t=can not)
八:名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s, 如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds.
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches.
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries.
4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives.
5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,. tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese