英語(yǔ)中用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義講解
編者按:在一些場(chǎng)合,如果用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式顯得很別扭,一般改用主動(dòng)形式,這時(shí)多指“物品的功能”。下面小編就來(lái)帶你一起學(xué)習(xí)下用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義,希望對(duì)大家有幫助。
例如:
√The pen writes smoothly.
這支筆寫得流利。
×The pen is written smoothly. (特別扭)
The pot cooks well.
這個(gè)罐子好煮東西。
The cloth washes well.
這皮布好洗衣。
還有一些主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的用法:
1.某些不及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)意義
When did the accident occur?
Ice-cream always goes well in hot weather.
2.一些表示“開始”,“結(jié)束”意義的動(dòng)詞
Class begins at eight.
The meeting ended up with warm applause.
3.一些表示“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”意義的動(dòng)詞
The machine runs well.
His voice records well.
4.read,write,translted,drive等動(dòng)詞與表示行為方式的狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)
The book sells well.
My pen writes smoothly.
The play reads more earily then acts.
類似用法的動(dòng)詞:
act,cut,break,wash,wear,cook,lock,sell,tear,keep,feel,born,strike,last等。這些詞既有及物動(dòng)詞的用法又有不及物動(dòng)詞的用法。若句子的主語(yǔ)是指人的名詞或代詞時(shí),為及物動(dòng)詞;若句子的主語(yǔ)是指物的名詞或代詞時(shí),為不及物動(dòng)詞。即:
主語(yǔ)(人)+V(t)+賓語(yǔ)
主語(yǔ)(物)+V(i)+副詞 在此句型中,用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)(物)的特征。但:這些動(dòng)詞若與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(多半為否定式)連用時(shí)則表示被動(dòng)意義。
His car can’t move.
This door can’t lock.
5.表示狀態(tài)特征的系動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)意義。此類系動(dòng)詞有:
look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,appear,turnout等。
Good medicine tastes bitter.
When he said proved (to be)correct.
The flowers smell sweet.
Young sentence doesn’t sound right.
其句式的特點(diǎn)為: 主語(yǔ)+V.(link)+adj. 此時(shí)要特別注意此類動(dòng)詞后不可接副詞。
6.一些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作
The meat is cooking.
The book is printing.
7.有些作表語(yǔ)的不定式,在結(jié)構(gòu)上是主動(dòng)的,但是表示被動(dòng)意義
She is to blame.
The house is to let.(此房出租)
8.有些介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)也表示被動(dòng)意義。
The building under repair is our library.
正在修建的那座樓房是我們的圖書館。
Color television sets will be on sale here next month.
下個(gè)月這里將出售彩色電視機(jī)。
類似的介詞短語(yǔ)有:under consideration, in design, in question(正被談?wù)摰?,in sight, on display, out of repair,under construction, under treatment,under investigation等。
應(yīng)注意的一點(diǎn)就是個(gè)別介詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)含義取決于冠詞的使用與否,如介詞短語(yǔ) in the possession of和in the charge of,用冠詞時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義,不用冠詞時(shí)(in possession of和in charge of)則表示主動(dòng)意義。
例如:
It is in the exclusive possession of him.
它為他所獨(dú)有。(被動(dòng)意義)
He is in possession of it.
他擁有它。(主動(dòng)意義)
The children are in the charge of Aunt Li.
孩子們由李大嬸照管。(被動(dòng)意義)
She is in charge of class 3.
她管理三班。(主動(dòng)意義)
9.在某些句型中,主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。
主語(yǔ)+系語(yǔ)+(easy/hard/difficult/comfortable)+to do
例句:
This house is comfortable to live in.
The maths problem is difficult to work out.
She is easy to get along with.
主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+worth+doing
This film is well worth seeing again.
This problem is worth considering.
主語(yǔ)(物)+needs+doing
The classroom needs cleaning.
Your watch needs repairing.
英語(yǔ)中主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的方法比較難掌握,尤其是對(duì)我們中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō),更是如此。那么我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)及運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)時(shí),細(xì)心,準(zhǔn)確判斷,靈活運(yùn)用就尤為重要。
本文作者:丹丹英語(yǔ)(公眾號(hào):英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí))
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