間接引語的用法有哪些
間接引語并非由主語直接敘述出來,而是通過第三人轉(zhuǎn)述的。那間接引語應(yīng)該要怎么使用呢?以下是由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理關(guān)于間接引語的用法的內(nèi)容,希望大家喜歡!
間接引語的用法
比如:他們說:“皇帝死后將成為神。” [直接引語] Dixere:"Augustus post mortem deum factus erit."
他們說,那個(gè)皇帝死后將成為神。[間接引語] Dixere Augustum post mortem deum faciendum esse.
間接引語中,引語的主語要使用賓格,動(dòng)詞要使用不定式,不定式的時(shí)態(tài)取決于引語、動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句動(dòng)詞時(shí)間的先后性,不定式的性、數(shù)取決于間接引語的主語(如前所述,只用賓格)。
如:執(zhí)政官們認(rèn)為奴隸們不該被釋放。Consules sentiunt servos non esse liberandos.
主句動(dòng)詞認(rèn)為:sentiunt ,時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)。間接引語中的動(dòng)詞是不定式 liberandos esse,是將來時(shí),因?yàn)?ldquo;被釋放”的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)詞“認(rèn)為”之后的。liberandos 的性(陽性)、數(shù)(復(fù)數(shù))與間接引語的主語servos 保持一致。
當(dāng)我們引用別人的話時(shí),我們可以使用別人的原話,也可以用自己的話把意思轉(zhuǎn)述出來。如果引用原話,被引用的部分就稱之為直接引語,反之,則稱為間接引語。
這里有兩句間接引語。前面一句的動(dòng)詞是 interfectum esse,是不定式的完成時(shí),表示“被殺害”的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在fama erat [消息到來]之前的;后一句的動(dòng)詞是 vivere, 是不定式的現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示“活著”這個(gè)動(dòng)作與消息到來同步。
直接引語變間接引語
引述或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話稱為“引語”。直接引用別人的原話,兩邊用引號(hào)“ ”標(biāo)出,叫做直接引語;用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,不需要引號(hào)的叫做間接引語,實(shí)際上間接引語大都是賓語從句(其中由祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換的間接引語除外,其轉(zhuǎn)換后是不定式)。那么直接引語為陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和祈使句,轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語時(shí),句子的結(jié)構(gòu),人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等都要有變化,如何變化呢?
直接引語
(DirectSpeech):當(dāng)我們引用別人的話語時(shí),若引用的是原話,被引用的部分叫直接引語。
間接引語
(IndirectSpeech):當(dāng)我們引用別人的話語時(shí),也可以用自己的話把意思轉(zhuǎn)述出來,這種轉(zhuǎn)述的別人說話的部分叫做間接引語。
典型例句:
She said,”I like English very much.“(直接引語)
(她說:“我非常喜歡英語”。)
She said she liked English very much.(間接引語)
(她說她非常喜歡英語。)
間接引語的句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①直接引語如果是陳述句,間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如:
She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
?、谥苯右Z如果是反意疑問句,選擇疑問句或一般疑問句,間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.如:He said, "Can you swim, John?"
→He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I ha-d finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
?、壑苯右Z如果是特殊問句,間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(賓語從句必須用陳述句語序)。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
?、苤苯右Z如果是祈使句,間接引語應(yīng)改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如:
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children.
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noi-se. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
?、葜苯右Z如果是以“Let‘s”開頭的祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),通常用“suggest +動(dòng)名詞(或從句)。”如:
He said, "Let’s go to the film."
→He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to s-ee the film.
引述別人的話有兩種方式:一是使用引號(hào)引出人家的原話,這叫做直接引語;一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來,這叫做間接引語。例如:
John said, "I’m going to London with my father."
約翰說:"我要和父親到倫敦去。"(引號(hào)內(nèi)是直接引語)
John said that he was going to London with his father.
約翰說,他要和他父親去倫敦。(賓語從句是間接引語)
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