精讀是一種稱(chēng)為傳奇一般的經(jīng)典雅思閱讀能力的訓(xùn)練方法。說(shuō)得更直白點(diǎn)，就是針對(duì)劍橋雅思的閱讀文章的精讀，弄懂每一篇的重點(diǎn)詞匯，表達(dá)，各種句型，并努力模仿造句或者翻譯一些長(zhǎng)難句。雅思高分前輩也把雅思的精讀和精聽(tīng)并列為屠鴨最寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和方法，但是往往有人會(huì)在嘗試幾次后便感嘆：沒(méi)有用哇!其實(shí)真的是這樣的么?下面講一講怎樣才是正確的精讀方法。

雅思閱讀的精讀訓(xùn)練真的沒(méi)有效果么?方法不對(duì)而已!

怎么讀才是精讀?

精讀意味著仔細(xì)讀，認(rèn)真讀，讀到骨頭里，不要只查查詞，看看句子意思。如果是這樣, 這還沒(méi)達(dá)到精讀的深度。

舉個(gè)例子 513

For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted.

精讀的步驟

第一步 從詞匯(單詞, 短語(yǔ))入手：把句子里的單詞(主要是動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞)這三類(lèi)詞達(dá)到認(rèn)知程度, 拓展同義詞,派生詞等，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)雅思閱讀考點(diǎn)的出現(xiàn)頻率看，這三類(lèi)詞最容易被替換。如果時(shí)間允許，再看看名詞里的抽象名詞，物質(zhì)名詞采取猜詞技巧可以解決。 例如以上的句子：

動(dòng)詞：

run out(拓展 exhaust/use up, 例如832 );

grow(拓展growth/increase/progress….例如441);

leave(拓展不僅表示“留下來(lái)，離開(kāi)的意思，還可以表示使處于某種狀態(tài), 例如721);

eat(拓展 feed, 例如412);

extinct(拓展extinction/die out 例如513);

pollute(拓展 pollution/pollutant 例如532);

形容詞和副詞：worse; main; natural; less; vast;

名詞：environmentalist; fear; resource; population; species; planet;

第二步 從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)入手：分清句子的主謂賓或主系表;如果是復(fù)合句或長(zhǎng)難句，拆分成簡(jiǎn)單句;例如: They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that …..; that ……..; that…….., and that ……….. 此句后面的冒號(hào)是解釋說(shuō)明,后面有四個(gè)小分句;

第三步 從段落結(jié)構(gòu)入手: 分析段落內(nèi)的連貫和銜接關(guān)系,并分析段落中的句子是如何銜接的. 例如: 以上的段落是總分結(jié)構(gòu) 總: For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. 分: They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that …; that …..; that .,…., and that …..

第四步 試著用不同的單詞，不同的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)(paraphrase)，這個(gè)步驟稱(chēng)為“二度創(chuàng)作” 。剛開(kāi)始訓(xùn)練時(shí)比較痛苦，因?yàn)樵谀X海中要搜尋學(xué)過(guò)的東西加以整理，這本身就是一個(gè)需要思考的過(guò)程。等訓(xùn)練多了形成自己的思維體系及語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力后，輸出改寫(xiě)就會(huì)得心應(yīng)手了。例如上一段的改寫(xiě)

A number of environmentalists hold a pessimistic view of the earth. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are exhausted; that the number of people is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that a vast number of species are dying out, and that air and water are polluted more seriously.

(2)RE精讀策略

re是前綴, 意思是重復(fù). RE精讀策略意味著反復(fù)精讀. 根據(jù)人類(lèi)大腦記憶規(guī)律, 剛剛記完的知識(shí)記住了100%, 過(guò)了20分之后剩下58.2%................我們要進(jìn)行二次精讀, 三次精讀…….. 直到讀透為止. 古人云: “溫故而知新”, 讀第一遍和讀第二遍對(duì)文章的理解是不同的, 讀第一遍時(shí),有的學(xué)生可能只記得個(gè)別單詞,短語(yǔ)等; 讀第二遍可能對(duì)句子之間的關(guān)系, 段落結(jié)構(gòu), 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)就有了更深層次的理解.

(3)“瞻前顧后”的學(xué)習(xí)方法

我們盡量利用”瞻前顧后”的方法把當(dāng)前學(xué)到的單詞,短語(yǔ)等與之前精讀文章里的單詞短語(yǔ)等聯(lián)系起來(lái), 達(dá)到融會(huì)貫通, 觸類(lèi)旁通. 學(xué)習(xí)是輸入和輸出并行的過(guò)程, 輸入就是學(xué)習(xí)者由外到內(nèi)獲取語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，精讀就是很好的輸入方式;輸出就是學(xué)習(xí)者將所學(xué)的知識(shí)由內(nèi)而外的再現(xiàn)過(guò)程。精讀這個(gè)過(guò)程是輸入, 輸入后要消化, 吸收, 然后輸出，這樣才是個(gè)完整的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程. 如果只有輸入, 沒(méi)有輸出, 會(huì)影響學(xué)習(xí)效果.

雅思閱讀材料大集合：阿里巴巴宣布啟動(dòng)在美IPO

Alibaba Group Holding Ltd, China's largest e-commerce vendor, has officially confirmed it will hold an initial public offering in the United States, the company has announced.

The decision will "make [Alibaba] a more global company and enhance the company’s transparency, as well as allow the company to continue to pursue our long-term vision and ideals," according to a company statement sent on Sunday to China Daily.

It did not specify which bourse it will choose to float its shares, or give a detailed timetable.

Alibaba said that, should circumstances permit in the future, it will work towards toward extending its public status in China’s capital market in order to share its growth with the Chinese people.

The company also expressed gratitude towards those in Hong Kong who have supported Alibaba Group, including the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, which shut the door on a potential listing last September.

"We respect the viewpoints and policies of Hong Kong and will continue to pay close attention to and support the process of innovation and development of Hong Kong," the statement added.

Hong Kong regulators rejected Alibaba's IPO because of the firm's special request to keep a shareholder structure which would have allowed a group of top managers and founders to nominate and control the company's board of directors.

The unique requirement went against the exchange's one-share-one-vote principle.

The statement puts an end to rampant rumors about Alibaba’s choice of listing venue.

For example, the firm's recent purchase of a stake in a Hong Kong-listed company prompted speculation that Alibaba might use the deal to go public.

Analysts polled by Reuters have put Alibaba's market value at around 0 billion and the value of the IPO at billion. If successful, it will go public in the world's biggest listing since Facebook Inc's debut in 2012.

The announcement came just two days after micro-blogging service Sina Weibo filed to raise 0 million via a US IPO. Alibaba holds 18 percent of Sina Weibo's shares.

阿里巴巴集團(tuán)16日宣布，啟動(dòng)在美國(guó)的上市事宜。

阿里巴巴集團(tuán)表示，啟動(dòng)在美IPO為使公司更加透明、國(guó)際化，進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)阿里巴巴的長(zhǎng)期愿景和理想。

作為中國(guó)的電子商務(wù)集團(tuán)，自旗下子公司于2012年私有化以來(lái)，阿里巴巴集團(tuán)謀求整體IPO的舉動(dòng)一直備受關(guān)注。

此前有機(jī)構(gòu)預(yù)計(jì)，阿里巴巴上市有可能成為美國(guó)近年來(lái)規(guī)模的IPO，估值在千億美元左右。

去年10月，阿里巴巴集團(tuán)曾公開(kāi)回應(yīng)關(guān)于其IPO的熱議，集團(tuán)CEO陸兆禧當(dāng)時(shí)宣布，阿里巴巴決定不選擇在香港上市。

以下為阿里巴巴公告全文：

阿里巴巴今天決定啟動(dòng)在美國(guó)的上市事宜，以使公司更加透明、國(guó)際化，進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)阿里巴巴的長(zhǎng)期愿景和理想。未來(lái)?xiàng)l件允許，我們將積極參與回歸國(guó)內(nèi)資本市場(chǎng)，與國(guó)內(nèi)投資者共同分享公司的成長(zhǎng)。

感謝香港各界人士對(duì)阿里巴巴的關(guān)心和支持。我們尊重香港現(xiàn)時(shí)的相關(guān)政策和出發(fā)點(diǎn)，并將會(huì)一如既往地關(guān)注、參與并支持香港的創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展。

阿里巴巴集團(tuán)

2014年3月16日

雅思閱讀材料大集合：生活艱難時(shí)需要做的13件事

We’ve all gone through hard times. And we all get through them. However, some get through them better than others. So what is their secret? Most of it has to do with attitude. Here are 13 things to remember when life gets rough:

我們都有過(guò)灰暗的日子，也都熬過(guò)來(lái)了。然而有些的人心態(tài)會(huì)比其他人要好，他們的秘訣是什么?其實(shí)主要就是取決于你的態(tài)度罷了?？纯瓷钇D難時(shí)可以做的13件事吧。

1. What is, is

坦然接受現(xiàn)實(shí)

Buddha’s famous saying tells us: “It is your resistance to ‘what is’ that causes your suffering.” Think about that for a minute. It means that our suffering only occurs when we resist how things are. If you can change something, then take action! Change it! But if you can’t change it, then you have two choices: (1) either accept it and let go of the negativity, or (2) make yourself miserable by obsessing over it.

佛教有句經(jīng)典的話(huà)：“你的痛苦都源于對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的抗拒。”好好想想這句話(huà)。這意味著只有當(dāng)你不接受現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)才會(huì)產(chǎn)生痛苦。如果你能改變什么，那就開(kāi)始行動(dòng)吧，改變它!但如果無(wú)法改變，你就有兩個(gè)選擇，(1)要不去接受要不就忽視消極的部分，或者(2)不斷的折磨自己讓自己更加痛苦

2. It’s only a problem if you think it’s a problem

只有你覺(jué)得這是個(gè)問(wèn)題的時(shí)候才會(huì)是個(gè)問(wèn)題

Many times, we are our own worst enemy. Happiness is really dependent on perspective. If you think something is a problem, then your thoughts and emotions will be negative. But if you think it’s something you can learn from, then suddenly, it’s not a problem anymore.

很多時(shí)候，我們是自己的敵人。幸福取決于你的觀(guān)察角度。如果你覺(jué)得一件事是個(gè)問(wèn)題，那么你的想法和情緒都會(huì)變得消極。但如果你覺(jué)得這是學(xué)習(xí)的好機(jī)會(huì)，看看，突然就不是啥問(wèn)題了。

3. If you want things to change, you need to start with changing yourself

如果你想改變什么，那就從改變自己開(kāi)始吧

Your outer world is a reflection of your inner world. Don’t you know people whose lives are chaotic and stressful? And isn’t that largely because they feel chaotic inside? Yes, it is. We like to think that changing our circumstances will change us. But we have it backwards—we need to change ourselves first before our circumstances will change.

你的外在是內(nèi)在的一個(gè)反應(yīng)。你難道不覺(jué)得那些外表看起來(lái)亂糟糟亞歷山大的人們其實(shí)內(nèi)心也是一團(tuán)亂麻么?的確是這樣。我們總是覺(jué)得改變環(huán)境就能改變自己。其實(shí)我們弄反了-我們需要先改變自己才能隨之改變環(huán)境。

4. There is no such thing as failure—only learning opportunities

沒(méi)什么失敗-這只是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)而已

You should just wipe the word “failure” right out of your vocabulary. All great people who have ever achieved anything have “failed” over and over. In fact, I think it was Thomas Edison who said something like, “I did not fail at inventing the light bulb, I just first found 99 ways that it didn’t work.” Take your so-called “failures” and learn something from them. Learn how to do it better next time.

把“失敗"這個(gè)詞從你的字典里抹去吧。很多成就大事業(yè)的人都曾不止一次的失敗過(guò)。實(shí)際上，我非常贊同愛(ài)迪生說(shuō)的那句話(huà)”我從來(lái)沒(méi)有在發(fā)明燈泡的過(guò)程中失敗過(guò)，我只是找到了99種不可行的辦法而已?！鞍涯隳切┧^的”失敗“當(dāng)成學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)吧。學(xué)著下次怎么做的更好。

5. If you don’t get something you want, it just means something better is coming

如果沒(méi)有得到想要的，只說(shuō)明你值得擁有更好的

That’s hard to believe sometimes, I know. But it’s true. Usually, when you look back at your life, you will be able to see why it was actually a good thing that something didn’t work out. Maybe the job you didn’t get would have made you spend more time away from your family, but the job you did get was more flexible. Just have faith that everything happens exactly the way it’s supposed to.

有時(shí)候的確很難去相信，但這是真的。通常，當(dāng)你回過(guò)頭看一看，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)正是一些事沒(méi)有成功才會(huì)有后面的好事發(fā)生。也許那個(gè)沒(méi)有拿到手的工作會(huì)讓你無(wú)比繁忙沒(méi)法陪家人，而獲得的職位上班時(shí)間更加自由。只要相信，每件事都會(huì)有暗藏的方向。

6. Appreciate the present moment

珍惜當(dāng)下

This moment will never come again. And there is always something precious about every moment. So don’t let it pass you by! Soon it will just be a memory. Even moments that don’t seem happy can be looked upon as something that you might miss someday. As the country song by Trace Adkins says, “You’re gonna miss this…you’re gonna want this back. You’re gonna wish these days hadn’t gone by so fast….you may not know this now, but you’re gonna miss this…”

正當(dāng)時(shí)一去不復(fù)返。每個(gè)時(shí)刻都有寶貴的東西。所以不要讓時(shí)間匆匆溜走!很快現(xiàn)在也會(huì)成為你回憶的一部分。每個(gè)你不快樂(lè)的時(shí)光在日后都會(huì)成為你去想念回憶的部分。就想Trace Adkin在鄉(xiāng)村歌曲里唱的那般：”你會(huì)去懷念，會(huì)想重頭再來(lái)。你會(huì)希望這些日子沒(méi)有飛速流逝，也許現(xiàn)在你不知道，但你真的會(huì)去想念“

7. Let go of desire

減少欲望

Most people live with “attached mind.” What this means is that they attach themselves to a desire, and when they don’t get it, their emotions plummet into negativity. Instead, try to practice “detached mind.” That means that when you want something, you will still be happy whether you get it or not. Your emotions remain happy or neutral.

很多人在”欲望中“生存。也就是他們會(huì)把自己和欲望緊緊聯(lián)系在一起，當(dāng)沒(méi)有得到滿(mǎn)足，他們的就會(huì)產(chǎn)生消極的情緒。與其這樣，不如試著給自己的思想減負(fù)吧。意思就是你想要什么的時(shí)候，無(wú)論得到?jīng)]得到都會(huì)一樣的開(kāi)心。你的情緒不會(huì)受到太大的干擾。

8. Understand and be grateful for your fears

理解感激你的恐懼

Fear can be a great teacher. And overcoming fears can also make you feel victorious. For example, when I was in college, I feared public speaking (one of the top 3 fears of all humans). So I find it humorous now that not only do I speak in front of a group every day by being a college professor, I also teach public speaking! Overcoming fears just takes practice. Fear is really just an illusion. It’s optional.

恐懼可以是你的好老師。戰(zhàn)勝恐懼也能讓你更加強(qiáng)大。比如，我讀大學(xué)的時(shí)候，我害怕公開(kāi)演講(這大概是排名前三會(huì)讓人類(lèi)恐懼的事情)。然而現(xiàn)在我不僅會(huì)作為一個(gè)大學(xué)教授每天在一群人面前說(shuō)話(huà)，還會(huì)教公開(kāi)演講的課程，這真是非常有意思的事情。戰(zhàn)勝恐懼需要聯(lián)系。恐懼只是幻覺(jué)，就看你的選擇了。

9. Allow yourself to experience joy

允許自己享樂(lè)

Believe it or not, I know way too many people who don’t allow themselves to have fun. And they don’t even know how to be happy. Some people are actually addicted to their problems and the chaos in them so much that they wouldn’t even know who they are without them. So try to allow yourself to be happy! Even if it’s just for a small moment, it’s important to focus on joy, not your hardships.

信不信，我知道很多人都不允許自己玩樂(lè)。他們甚至不知道如何開(kāi)心。有些人深陷自身麻煩和煩擾無(wú)法自拔甚至不愿意試圖去擺脫。所以要讓自己開(kāi)心起來(lái)!哪怕是很短的時(shí)間，好好的樂(lè)一樂(lè)非常重要，不要總是執(zhí)迷于痛苦。

10. Don’t compare yourself to other people

不要跟別人比

But if you do compare yourself, compare yourself with people who have it worse than you. Unemployed? Be grateful that you live in a country that gives unemployment compensation, because most people in the world live on less that 0 a year. So you don’t look like Angelina Jolie? Well, I bet there are more people who don’t than do. And you are probably way better looking than most people. Focus on that.

如果真的要去比，那就把自己和比你差的人拿來(lái)比較吧。失業(yè)?感激你的國(guó)家還有失業(yè)保障制度吧，世界上大部分人年薪不到750美金。自己沒(méi)有安吉麗娜朱莉那么漂亮?好吧，我覺(jué)得基本上大家都滿(mǎn)足不了這點(diǎn)。而且你比大部分人好看。多想想這些吧。

11. You are not a victim

你不是受害者

You need to get out of your own way. You are only a “victim” of your own thoughts, words and actions. No one “does” something to you. You are the creator of your own experience. Take personal responsibility and realize that you can get out of your hard times. You just need to start with changing your thoughts and actions. Abandon your victim mentality and become victorious. From victim to VICTOR!

你需要從自己的框架中走出來(lái)。你只是自己想法、語(yǔ)言和行為的受害者。其他人不能對(duì)你做任何事。你是自己生活的導(dǎo)演。對(duì)自己負(fù)責(zé)，相信自己有能力走出困境。你只需要改變自己的想法和行動(dòng)。把那種受害者心理趕走，積極點(diǎn)吧，從受害者轉(zhuǎn)為成功者!

12. Things can—and do—change

事情可以——可以——改變

“And this too shall pass” is one of my favorite sayings. When we are stuck in a bad situation, we think that there is no way out. We think nothing will ever change. But guess what? It will! Nothing is permanent except death. So get out of the habit of thinking that things will always be this way. They won’t. But you do need to take some sort of action for things to change. It won’t magically happen all on its own.

“一切都會(huì)過(guò)去的”是我最喜歡的一句話(huà)。當(dāng)我們身處困境，感覺(jué)毫無(wú)出路。我們覺(jué)得一切不會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)了。但猜猜會(huì)怎樣?會(huì)好起來(lái)的!除去死亡沒(méi)有什么是永恒的。所以不要再去固執(zhí)的認(rèn)為事情會(huì)一成不變了。都會(huì)變的。你需要行動(dòng)起來(lái)做出改變。事情不會(huì)自己神奇的去發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的?！?/p>

13. Anything is possible

一切皆有可能

Miracles happen every day. Really—they do. I wish I had enough space to write about all the miraculous things that have happened to people I know—from healing stage 4 cancer naturally to having their soul mate appear out of nowhere. Trust me: it happens all the time. You just need to believe it does. Once you do, you have won the battle.

每天都有奇跡。真的是這樣。我真希望有足夠的空間寫(xiě)下那些發(fā)生過(guò)的奇跡-從四期癌癥中自然治愈到突然遇到另一半。相信我：奇跡一直都在發(fā)生。你只需要去相信。一旦你信了，就贏(yíng)了。

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