托福聽(tīng)力：iBT結(jié)構(gòu)聽(tīng)力法
為了幫助大家備考托福聽(tīng)力，下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)托福聽(tīng)力：iBT結(jié)構(gòu)聽(tīng)力法，希望大家喜歡!
托福聽(tīng)力：iBT結(jié)構(gòu)聽(tīng)力法
新托福聽(tīng)力所考察的，就是大家能否抓住主要內(nèi)容的能力，能否忽略細(xì)小的細(xì)節(jié)，抓住最主要的結(jié)構(gòu)，不管是聽(tīng)力部分，還是口語(yǔ)或者寫(xiě)作，都需要考生具備這種能力，因此我用“結(jié)構(gòu)聽(tīng)力法”命名我的教學(xué)法。
所謂的結(jié)構(gòu)聽(tīng)力法，顧名思義就是學(xué)會(huì)如何抓主要結(jié)構(gòu)。首先，我們可以分析一下托福聽(tīng)力的考察方面。根據(jù)官方指南所給出的托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)技能的考察，我們可以看出，托福聽(tīng)力主要考察三個(gè)方面：
1. basic understanding (基本理解)50%
2. pragmatic understanding (實(shí)際理解)25%
3. connecting information (連接信息)25 `%
而這三個(gè)方面如果再詳細(xì)的分析的話(huà)，可以看出具體是考察6種技能：
1. identifying the topic and main idea (主題)
2. listen for details (主要細(xì)節(jié))
3. determining attitude and purpose (態(tài)度，目的，重放題較多)
4. making inferences and predictions (推斷題)
5. categorization information (分類(lèi))
6. summering a process (過(guò)程)
通過(guò)分析OG上的樣題，ETS的在線(xiàn)?？碱}，還有目前我們能接觸到的托福的模擬題，我們可以看出，每個(gè)對(duì)話(huà)和講座所出的題目，其實(shí)都是有規(guī)律的，也就是每篇文章都有相對(duì)固定的出題點(diǎn)，那么只要我們把握了這些出題點(diǎn)，在聽(tīng)錄音的時(shí)候注意抓這些結(jié)構(gòu)，在看到一個(gè)題目的時(shí)候，不管題目是怎么出的，只要我們能判斷出來(lái)它想考查什么東西，一般都能正確的答題。
聽(tīng)任何一篇文章的時(shí)候，我們要注意如下的10點(diǎn)主要結(jié)構(gòu)，每個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都對(duì)應(yīng)上述的考察點(diǎn)：
1主題，2定義，3因果，4過(guò)程，5例子，
6轉(zhuǎn)折，7強(qiáng)調(diào)，8列舉，9比較，10總結(jié)
對(duì)于對(duì)話(huà)來(lái)說(shuō)，一般是考察這樣幾點(diǎn)：
1. 對(duì)話(huà)的主題
2. 造成問(wèn)題的原因(雙反反復(fù)解釋的)
3. 老師的解釋或者建議
4. 對(duì)話(huà)的結(jié)果
5. 一般會(huì)有一個(gè)重放錄音的題目，考察具體語(yǔ)句的意思，或者說(shuō)話(huà)人的態(tài)度(OG上明確說(shuō)，每個(gè)對(duì)話(huà)和講座，至少有一個(gè)重放錄音題目)
抓住這5點(diǎn)，幾乎對(duì)話(huà)的所有題目都在這個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)。大家可以在做對(duì)話(huà)的練習(xí)中，不斷體驗(yàn)這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。
對(duì)于一個(gè)講座來(lái)說(shuō)，它的結(jié)構(gòu)可能會(huì)涉及到上述所講的10點(diǎn)中的幾個(gè)方面。講座都是有相對(duì)固定的結(jié)構(gòu)的，這是有英語(yǔ)文章的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)決定的。英語(yǔ)文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，形式固定，總分總非常明顯。而講座只不過(guò)是這些文章變成了講述版，夾雜了一些口語(yǔ)表達(dá)語(yǔ)言習(xí)而已。例如，有的講座，是先講述一個(gè)主題，再定義，舉例子，再總結(jié)，中間可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)某些重要細(xì)節(jié)的強(qiáng)調(diào)。有些講座是講兩樣事物，開(kāi)始進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，定義，對(duì)比，舉例子，強(qiáng)調(diào)重要細(xì)節(jié)，總結(jié)。等等。我們熟悉了講座的講解形式，就可以去抓這些結(jié)構(gòu)。做到每次聽(tīng)到某些信號(hào)詞的時(shí)候就要特別小心，記筆記，預(yù)測(cè)出題點(diǎn)。
例如，
我要求我的學(xué)生，只要聽(tīng)到分類(lèi)列舉，就一定要記筆記。標(biāo)志性的句子是“there are three majorreasons for…” “there are two major types of glaciers. One is…the other is…” 一般自己預(yù)期的是后面會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)搭配題或者是判斷題。
只要聽(tīng)到老師說(shuō) “remember! Keep that in mind! One importantelement in…A very interesting theory about this is…”證明是在強(qiáng)調(diào)，一會(huì)應(yīng)該預(yù)期會(huì)出一到相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)題。
只要聽(tīng)到 “different, distinguish, distinction, similar,same” 不管是在任何時(shí)候，都要注意聽(tīng)對(duì)比，肯定會(huì)有一道題目考察這個(gè)。
只要在開(kāi)頭聽(tīng)到 “development, formation, process, procedure,approach”，就一定要注意預(yù)期過(guò)程，步驟，必定會(huì)考某種形式的排序題。只要聽(tīng)到表示順序的詞語(yǔ)，一定要記筆記，否則光靠聽(tīng)會(huì)漏掉細(xì)節(jié)。
只要聽(tīng)到例子， “say…, take…for example, for instance…” 就一定要仔細(xì)聽(tīng)這個(gè)例子到底在說(shuō)明什么道理?？梢圆粚?xiě)太多，但是一定要抓住老師為何說(shuō)這個(gè)例子。幾乎每個(gè)講座都會(huì)考，老師為什么提到每個(gè)例子。
只要聽(tīng)到總結(jié) “to sum up, in summary”， 一定要注意聽(tīng)總結(jié)的內(nèi)容。很多推斷題，預(yù)測(cè)題，都是對(duì)講座最后一點(diǎn)的推斷。絕對(duì)不能放掉。
每次在范聽(tīng)，記筆記的時(shí)候，都注意抓這些信息點(diǎn)。然后結(jié)合題目，看自己的筆記是否能和題目的出題點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)上。每次做題都分析錯(cuò)誤的原因，以便下次能夠在記筆記的時(shí)候能更加準(zhǔn)確。
托福聽(tīng)力中的長(zhǎng)句聽(tīng)不清怎么辦
在托福聽(tīng)力中有很多連讀，如果不知道很容易聽(tīng)不清或者聽(tīng)錯(cuò)，所謂連讀，指的詞與詞之間交界的兩個(gè)音會(huì)經(jīng)常連在一起，發(fā)音時(shí)好象連成了一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的單詞。托福聽(tīng)力技巧，大家要有所了解。連讀有助于完整意義的表達(dá)，并使整句話(huà)具有強(qiáng)烈的粘著感，體現(xiàn)句子的整體性，充分體現(xiàn)美語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的自然流暢。要從你的口語(yǔ)著手，只要你讀的時(shí)候是連讀的，聽(tīng)起來(lái)就熟悉了。
托福聽(tīng)力中常見(jiàn)的三大連讀形式，考生們可以先掌握了技巧再去針對(duì)性的練習(xí)，相信你一定能夠渡過(guò)托福聽(tīng)力連讀這道坎。
托福聽(tīng)力連讀一，輔元連讀。在一個(gè)句子或短語(yǔ)中，前一個(gè)單詞以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)單詞以元音開(kāi)頭時(shí)，需要將輔音和元音拼在一起連讀。如：when I, run out of; fit it in; not at all; call it a day。
托福聽(tīng)力連讀二，元元連讀。第一種，在一個(gè)句子中或短語(yǔ)中，前一個(gè)單詞的發(fā)音以/i/或/ai/結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)單詞以元音開(kāi)頭時(shí)，中間加一個(gè)半元音/j/，如：I am...第二種，在一個(gè)句子或短語(yǔ)中，前一個(gè)單詞的發(fā)音以/u/或/u:/結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)單詞以元音開(kāi)頭時(shí)，加一個(gè)半元音/w/， 如：you are，who are。
托福聽(tīng)力連讀三，h/讀穿。如，isn’the; I just hope that my old suit still fits; Just stick around here; if I see her。
托福聽(tīng)力必備習(xí)語(yǔ)匯總1
above all - most importantly
account for - explain
as a matter of fact - in fact ,to speak the truth
as a rule - generally ;normally
about to - be ready to;be on the point of doing something
an old hand - be an experienced persom
any day now -soon
approach sb -talk to sb
be fed up with - be out of patience with
be on one’s own - live independently
be on the safe side - take no chances
be out of something - have no longer in supply
be tired of - be bored with ,frustrated with
be up to ones’ears - be extremely busy
be up to someone -be a person’s responsibility
be out for -trying to get
be out of the question - be unacceptable ,impossible
bite off more than one can chew - take on more than one can handle
break down - cease to function
break the ice - begin to be friendly wuth people one doesn’t know
break the news - inform or give bad news
brush up on - imporve noe’s knowledge of something through study
bump into - meet unexpectedly
by and large - in general
by heart - by memory
by all means - absolutely ,definitely
by no means - in no way
call off -cancel
cheer up - be happy
come down with - become sick with
come into -receive,especially after another’s death
come up with - think of
count on - depend upon
count out - eliminate
die down - become quiet ,become less
do without - manage without something
drop by - visit informally; pay a short visit
every other - alternate
fall behind - lag; fail to accomplish something on time
托福聽(tīng)力必備習(xí)語(yǔ)匯總2
fall through - fail to happen or be completed
far cry form - completely different from;a long way
feel like - have a desire or wish for
feel up to - feel well enough to or be capabele of
few and far between - not happening often; rate
figure out - determine; reason out by thinking
fill in for -take another’s place
fill sb.in - tell what sb. should know
fish out of water - out of one’s element or natural environment
flying colors -success,victory
for good - permanently; forever
for the time being - for now; temporarily
get away with - escape without punishment
get rid of - give something away; sell, destroy, or throw away something
get the ball rolling - start something; make a beginning
get the hang of - understand; learn
give a hand - help
go without saying - understood; clear without needing to be stated
go off -begin to ring
hang on - keep hold of; persevere;keep doing something
hard to come by - difficult to obtain
have a heart - have kind feelings; be understanding
have a hunch - have an idea based on feelings rather than reason
hold off - delay;postpone
hop to it - get started on something quickly
hit it off - get along well with someone
ill at ease - uncomfortable
in hot water - in trouble
in the air -uncertain
in the dark - keep someone without knowdge; information from somenoe
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