托福閱讀句意解釋題答題策略
在備考托福閱讀之前，最為重要的除了詞匯和句型的掌握之外，就是托福的閱讀中的各種題型的解題技巧。在以下的內(nèi)容中，小站教育將為大家?guī)黻P(guān)于句意解釋題的解答方法，希望對于題型的解答方法能為大家的備考帶來幫助。
【解題技巧】實例講解托福閱讀句意解釋題答題策略
在托福閱讀中，有一類題目就是用自己的語言來改寫文章中的句子或者段落，以不同的方式重新陳述另一句話，這樣的題目，也通常被稱為句意解釋題也有人稱其為變換措辭題。其答題的關(guān)鍵要點就是保留其內(nèi)容，而不改變原來句子的意思。應(yīng)對這樣類型的題目，我們有應(yīng)對策略呢?下面為大家進行詳細的分析一下。
這類型題目的題干表達為：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
解決這類題目的三種方法：
第一種：在保持原句序基本不變的前提下進行重點詞匯或者詞組的同義替換;
第二種：在句序不變的前提下再進行重點詞匯或者詞組的同義替換;
第三種：對原句進行總結(jié)性重復(fù)。
下面我們通過一個例子來看這些方法的具體應(yīng)用：
Small marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert marketer.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A marketer who is not so smart should be more concerned with the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.
It is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. I t is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with.
Marketers should focus on the factors that account for difference rather than the difference themselves.
Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences.
解題：
首先，我們來分析這個句子，整個主句的主語為Small-marketers，謂語為be-concerned-with，賓語為factors，這個分析完成之后，我們采用同意替換的方法，替換其中的重點詞組-謂語be concerned with，其同義詞為focus on。這樣替換完之后把兩個句子的意思進行比較，得出正確答案C。這道題目采用了第一種方法。
托福閱讀真題
Prehistoric mammoths have been preserved in the famous tar pits of Rancho La Brea (Brea is the Spanish word for tar) in what is now the heart of Los Angeles, California. These tar pits have been known for centuries and were formerly mined for their natural asphalt, a black or brown petroleum-like substance. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site. The tar pits were found to contain the remains of scores of species of animals from the last 30,000 years of the Ice Age.
Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated and tangled masses. The creatures found range from insects and birds to giant ground sloth's, but a total of 17 proboscides (animals with a proboscis or long nose) — including mastodons and Columbian mammoths — have been recovered, most of them from Pit 9, the deepest bone-bearing deposit, which was excavated in 1914. Most of the fossils date to between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago.
The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust. Unwary animals would become trapped on these thin sheets of liquid asphalt, which are extremely sticky in warm weather. Stuck, the unfortunate beasts would die of exhaustion and hunger or fall prey to predators that often also became stuck.
As the animals decayed, more scavengers would be attracted and caught in their turn. Carnivores greatly outnumber herbivores in the collection: for every large herbivore, there is one saber-tooth cat, a coyote, and four wolves. The fact that some bones are heavily weathered shows that some bodies remained above the surface for weeks or months. Bacteria in the asphalt would have consumed some of the tissues other than bones, and the asphalt itself would dissolve what was left, at the same time impregnating and beautifully preserving the saturated bones, rendering them dark brown and shiny.
1. What aspect of the La Brea tar pits does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The amount of asphalt that was mined there
(B) The chemical and biological interactions between asphalt and animals
(C) The fossil remains that have been found there
(D) Scientific methods of determining the age of tar pits
2. In using the phrase the heart of Los Angeles in line 2, the author is talking about the city's
(A) beautiful design
(B) central area
(C) basic needs
(D) supplies of natural asphalt
3. The word noticed in line 5 closest in meaning to
(A) predicted
(B) announced
(C) corrected
(D) observed
4. The word tangled in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(A) buried beneath
(B) twisted together
(C) quickly formed
(D) easily dated
5. The word them in line 13 refers to
(A) insects
(B) birds
(C) cloths
(D) proboscideans
6. How many proboscideans have been found at the La Brea tar pits?
(A) 9
(B) 17
(C) 1.5 million
(D) 2.5 million
7. The word concealed in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) highlighted
(B) covered
(C) transformed
(D) contaminated
8. Why does the author mention animals such as coyotes and wolves in paragraph 4?
(A) To give examples of animals that are classified as carnivores
(B) To specify the animals found least commonly at La Brea
(C) To argue that these animals were especially likely to avoid extinction.
(D) To define the term scavengers
學(xué)習(xí)英語心得
一次聽課，感受頗多，幾點感受，淺談如下：
一、教師必須徹底改變過去那種傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)理念，還課堂于學(xué)生。
此次聽課期間，我能感受到在教學(xué)的各個環(huán)節(jié)，如：課堂的評價、學(xué)生的討論展示、學(xué)術(shù)助理輪流主持課堂、學(xué)科長組織討論和收集討論結(jié)果，都能直接體現(xiàn)“學(xué)生參與的熱情”。在“高效課堂”教學(xué)模式中，我們應(yīng)該拋棄傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)理念，充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的參與意識和參與熱情，讓學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)。
二、教師要充分的運用好“評價機制”和“激勵機制”，激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣。
“興趣是最好的老師”，在結(jié)構(gòu)化預(yù)習(xí)、問題生成、課堂展示等各個環(huán)節(jié)，都需要學(xué)生提前做好準(zhǔn)備，這就需要我們運用好“評價機制”和“激勵機制”，充分調(diào)動起學(xué)生的“求知”“愛學(xué)”的欲望，充分調(diào)動“小組成員之間的競爭意識”，促使他們“想學(xué)、樂學(xué)、善學(xué)”。英語學(xué)科課堂教學(xué)評價應(yīng)堅持兩個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“參與率、精彩度”，按照這兩個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進行課堂評價。
三、結(jié)構(gòu)化預(yù)習(xí)必須得到落實
結(jié)構(gòu)化預(yù)習(xí)必須放在課前，由學(xué)生利用課余時間自主進行預(yù)習(xí)。充分的課前預(yù)習(xí)是一節(jié)課成功的重要保障。
四、多渠道產(chǎn)生問題。
除了教師預(yù)設(shè)的問題意外，鼓勵學(xué)生自主生成問題，而是由學(xué)生自己生成問題，留在課堂上請求其它小組幫組解決。留在本小組，還應(yīng)注重組建交流。
五：樹立團隊意識。
座談中了解到，橫水的老師也采用的是集體備課的方式，和我們一樣，都有課時的分工，但和我們不同的是，他們導(dǎo)學(xué)案的編寫并不是獨立完成所分內(nèi)容，而是每一課都要同科老師共同商討完成，這樣導(dǎo)學(xué)案的實用性就更強了。他們的周反思也是如此。
六：氛圍營造很重要。
在橫水，從跨進校門的那一刻起，從校園標(biāo)語到教室布置，從學(xué)法指導(dǎo)到成果交流，無一不體現(xiàn)出高效課堂的氛圍，
以上就是我此次出外學(xué)習(xí)聽課的一些收獲和體會，相信必會對“高效課堂”課改實驗的推進起到良好的作用。在以后的課堂實踐中，我將會用心領(lǐng)悟，大膽嘗試，力爭創(chuàng)出我校英語學(xué)科的特色。
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