托福獨(dú)立寫作冷門話題破題技巧實(shí)例講解
常有托?？忌诳纪暝嚭蟊г梗?dú)立寫作又出了個(gè)莫名其妙的話題根本不知道怎么寫。之所以會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況，考生自身的知識(shí)積累不足當(dāng)然是一方面原因，但更主要的原因則是大家缺乏應(yīng)對(duì)陌生話題的破題技巧。下面小編就通過實(shí)例來為考生講解具體技巧思路。
托福獨(dú)立寫作冷門話題破題技巧實(shí)例講解
題目：現(xiàn)代生活中制作食物更容易，人們的生活質(zhì)量也因此提高。你是否同意這種觀點(diǎn)?
破題思路分析：
1. 要與論題相匹配
論題問的既然是提高生活質(zhì)量與否，一些無關(guān)緊要的改變就應(yīng)該棄之不用，比如烹調(diào)時(shí)間縮短這一項(xiàng)改變，是事實(shí)，且未對(duì)生活質(zhì)量有直接明顯影響，就應(yīng)該避免用作主要論點(diǎn)。
2. 要能言之有物
這是再功利不過的一條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。比如我自己提到了食物準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間縮短能讓人性情改變，破題時(shí)覺得不無可能，真落筆時(shí)卻不知道由何說起，如果選了這一條為一個(gè)主要論點(diǎn)，結(jié)果是我說了一句話就走人，那還不如選個(gè)能下筆，能展示語言功底，也能顯示思維縝密的寫作方向。
3. 選擇的無論是2個(gè)還是3個(gè)論點(diǎn)，內(nèi)在一定要有聯(lián)系
這其實(shí)是整個(gè)立意階段的重頭。要立意，就是要明白自己表達(dá)的對(duì)象是什么，明確立場(chǎng)。然后站在這個(gè)立場(chǎng)上，挑選支持自己的論點(diǎn)。
如何整理行文思路?
托福寫作破題結(jié)束后，第二要做的重要事項(xiàng)便是整理行文思路。破題過程其實(shí)是個(gè)發(fā)散思維的過程，而立意，則是要把思維收回來，組織化，理清它的脈絡(luò)紋路，讓他們按照自認(rèn)為最有說服力的順序排列好，準(zhǔn)備落于紙上的過程。這個(gè)說服力的強(qiáng)弱，應(yīng)該以什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)判斷呢-筆者認(rèn)為，能說服讀者的議論，在論點(diǎn)選擇上應(yīng)該遵循一個(gè)原則：三個(gè)(或者兩個(gè))論點(diǎn)不能在層面上有交叉，但要符合一條明線：支持全文觀點(diǎn)。而最打動(dòng)讀者的論點(diǎn)選擇，不僅遵循上面的原則，三個(gè)看似不交叉的論點(diǎn)間還有一條暗線貫穿一致。令全文渾然天成，回味無窮。
立意的地一步，按照上面的原則看，當(dāng)然是先確定觀點(diǎn)。以題目為例，筆者愿意選擇否，食物易于準(zhǔn)備降低了人們的生活質(zhì)量。第一步踏出去了。
確定觀點(diǎn)后，破題時(shí)得到的思維方向，明顯不利于我的就應(yīng)該排除。比如營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值改變這一條，雖然速食文化的確對(duì)人體有害，但另一項(xiàng)速食：生疏和熟粗糧，就是向有益方向改變的，兩者勢(shì)均力敵，僅管是很容易想到，也很容易舉例論證的論點(diǎn)，卻不宜使用，因?yàn)槿绱速Q(mào)然用了，有思維不縝密之嫌。然而，這畢竟是一塊好啃的骨頭，如果其他論點(diǎn)都不好論證，還可以回頭撿起這一條來，隱去健康速食那個(gè)事實(shí)進(jìn)行作文，當(dāng)然，這依然是下下之選。
托福寫作中的重點(diǎn)詞匯內(nèi)容
殘忍的，野蠻的--ferocious bloodthirsty brutal cruel fierce vicious wild
atrocious
邪惡的，有害的，致命的—sinister, a sinister smile. diabolic corrupt forbidding可怕的, 令人難親近的 pernicious
virulent
秘密的，偷偷的--cryptic含有隱義的; 晦澀難懂的; 神秘的 furtive, furtive movements偷偷摸摸的, 鬼鬼祟祟的, 秘密的 covert隱蔽的; 不公開的; 秘密的: covered hidden hideaway shelter , sneak
veiled s避難所--asylum haven home institution refuge shelter harbor
節(jié)約的--frugal
浪費(fèi)的，揮霍的—prodigal(They are prodigal in their expenditures) extravagant lavish spendthrift wasteful squander
浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，逗弄，嬉戲--dally dawdle delay lag linger loiter
祝福，感謝--benediction bless bliss blessing
欺騙，詐騙—deceive
hoodwink
逃避工作—v.malinger 裝病(以逃避工作或責(zé)任)goldbrick逃避勤務(wù)的士兵 relinquish 放棄
揭密，泄漏--uncover disclose expose open reveal unmask
掠奪，搶劫--loot predate rob pillage plunder sack spoil despoil burglarize
angle
誹謗，中傷--aspersion slander derogate calumniate libel discredit denigrate
贊揚(yáng)--extol compliment glorify laud praise commend acclaim eulogize eucomium
頌詞，表揚(yáng)--laud eulogy ode hymn
反對(duì)，不贊成--demur deprecate dissent dissident
否認(rèn)，拒絕，駁斥-- contradict dispute refute renounce naysay reject
repudiate gainsay
哀悼，后悔，哀嘆--deplore bemoan regret lament dirge bewail repent
驅(qū)逐，出境--deport banish expel expatriate evict exile oust exclude
ostracism
居住--dwell abide reside inhabit occupy
夸張，吹牛--vaunt exaggerate bombast overstate full-blown overdo magnify
amplify
夸張的--stilted lofty
活潑的--vivacious active animated brisk dynamic energetic exuberant gay
lively
惡作劇的，頑皮的--prankish naughty impish elfish devilish mischievous puckish
笨拙的，麻煩的--cumbersome bulky burdensome clumsy troublesome unmanageable
bothersome gauche antic awkward ham-handed
暴亂，騷動(dòng)--agitation bother commotion fret stir riot squall
大風(fēng)暴--tempest violence storm
大混亂，大災(zāi)難--havoc calamity catastrophe misfortune disaster mishap tragedy
巨大的，驚人的--prodigious colossal enormous extraordinary gigantic huge
immense mammoth vast tremendous
例外的，奇特的，罕見的--exceptional remarkable stupendous
奇妙的，不可思議的--miraculous wonderful marvelous
大膽的，莽撞的--audacious bold brave daring gallant heroic valiant prowess
多產(chǎn)的，豐富的，繁茂的--prolific fecund fertile fruitful productive
munificent prosperous affluent flourish opulent well-off plentiful abundant
貧瘠的，不孕的，不毛之地--barren sterile
貧困的，貧乏的，沒錢的--indigent penurious penury impecunious improvished
needy down-and -out penniless wretched destitute bankrupt
手銬，束縛--shackle handcuff manacle chain bind fetter
神秘的--mysterious esoteric occult
取消，撤銷，廢除--resciss repeal nullify abolish quash withdraw abrogate
abolish annul cancel invalidate recall rescind revoke nullify retract
overrule
使衰弱，使衰老--enfeeble enervate debilitate weaken vitiate
虛弱的，衰老的--feckless flaccid flagging languid effete
恥辱，污名--tarnish stain slur disgrace brand blemish stigma discredit
humiliation
持久的--everlasting perpetual permanent endurable abiding eternal
短暫的 --momentary temporary transient ephemeral evanescent provisional
謹(jǐn)慎的，警覺的--wary chary vigilant discreet considerate cautious prudent
careful circumspect
責(zé)備，指責(zé)，咒罵--accuse blame censure charge denounce impugn impeach indict
execrate condemn criticize reproach reprove disapprove upbraid vituperate
reprove injure reprehend rebuke inveigh diatribe abuse lambaste obloquy
invective
免責(zé)，確定無罪--exempt exonerate exculpate invulnerable absolve
妨礙，阻撓--filibuster encumber impede hamper hinder stymie curb obstruct
restrain retard hamper thwart foil clog check occlude
挑剔的--meticulous nitpick finicky finical exacting censoring fussy
fastidious choosy critical particular selective pernickety prissy
punctilious prudish
苛責(zé)，吹毛求疵的--carp cavil pick criticize quibble
鎮(zhèn)壓--quell appease extinguish hush lull mollify pacify quiet smother
stifle subdue suppress squelsh foil slake quench
刺激--rouse arouse awaken excite foment anger inflame kindle move pique
provoke disquiet incense whet stimulate stir instigate galvanize vex rile
roil annoy aggravate disturb irritate
放縱--indulge coddle pamper pander-to mollycoddle humor cater dote-on
sybarite voluptuary wanton spoil
笨蛋，傻瓜--dolt numskull dunce blockhead lout idiocy idiot cretin half-wit
fool dullard imbecile moron simpleton prat oaf slouch dull-head
愚蠢--idiocy stupidity absurdity madness lunacy folly
愚蠢的--crass doltish oafish imbecilic moronic fatuous vacuous
偽造，摻假--adulterate forge counterfeit falsify bogus
真正的，純種的--genuine authentic
真實(shí)的，坦誠(chéng)的，誠(chéng)實(shí)的--candid candor frank fair genuine open pure
trustworthy trustful veracious virtuous
新手，生手--apprentice neophyte novice typo greenhorn freshman uninitiated
verdant
預(yù)言，預(yù)知，預(yù)告--presage predict forecast foresee foretell portend portent
prophesy anticipate omen divine soothsay augur forebode presentiment
猶豫，停滯--balk boggle scruple demur falter flounder pause vacillate waver
hesitate
消除，除去--efface erase obliterate raze eliminate exterminate
閑扯，瞎說--drivel prate babble chat chatter gossip blab prattle babble
gabble jabber
溫順的，馴服的--tame obedient meek gentle docile tame bonhomie
效忠，尊敬--homage adoration deference esteem honor respect reverence
veneration
忠誠(chéng)--fidelity allegiance attachment devotion faith fealty loyalty
精確，準(zhǔn)確--accuracy exactness exactitude precision
簡(jiǎn)潔的--concise terse curt brief succinct compendious condensed compressed
laconic
大綱，摘要--précis compendium compendia abstract summary synopsis
扼要，說明--recapitulate summarize outline
民意測(cè)驗(yàn)，民意調(diào)查--gall-up pollster
使成僵局，僵局--stalemate deadlock
粗略的，大概的,粗糙的--schematic cursory coarse crude rough vulgar churlish
husky
吸引人的--intriguing alluring appealing attractive bewitching captivate
charming enchanting enticing fascinating interesting inviting tantalizing
tempting thrilling winning ingratiating
優(yōu)勢(shì)，主權(quán)，權(quán)勢(shì)--clout ascendance ascendancy authority preponderance
majority
荒謬的，愚蠢的，可笑的--preposterous absurd silly ridiculous senseless
nonsensical
合理的--logical national reasonable sound
一致的，相等的，同樣的--congruent tantamount commensurate
和睦，一致--concord harmony agreement rapport conformity
分配，給予，分發(fā)--allocate allot apportion assign distribute divide
相稱的，合適的，應(yīng)得的--condign becoming fitting proper suitable appropriate
微不足道的--trivial frivolous measly paltry superficial trifling worthless
托福寫作高分中的修辭內(nèi)容
巧用修辭
1. 排比對(duì)稱結(jié)構(gòu)
Despite all the evidence, experts continue to debate weather global warming exists, how extensive the problem is, what the likely effects will be and whether any remedy is possible.
Despite all the evidence, experts continue to debate the existence of global warming, the extent of the problem, its likely effects and any possible remedy.
2. 比喻
(1)明喻：比喻詞出現(xiàn)：as, like, as if…
In many ways, no doubt, our world grows more and more complex, sputniks cannot be simple; yet how many of our complexities remain futile, how many of our artificialities false. Simplicity too can be subtle-as the straight lines of a Greek temple, like the Parthenon at Athens, are delicately curved in order to look straighter still.
(2)暗喻：比喻詞不出現(xiàn)。
America has given the Negro people a bad check, which has come back marked insufficient funds.
3. 對(duì)照：加深印象
Extremism in defense of liberty is no vice; moderation is the pursuit of justice is no virtue.
4. 類比
The Negro has a callus growing on his soul and it is getting harder and harder to hurt him here. That is a simple law of nature. Like a callus on the foot in a shoe that is too tight. The foot is nature’s and that shoe was put on by man. The tight shoe will pinch your foot and make you holler and scream. But sooner or later, if you do not take the shoe off, a callus will form on the foot and begin to wear out the shoe.
It is the same with the Negro in America. That shoe-the white man’s system—has pinched and rubbed and squeezed his soul until it has almost destroyed him. But it did not. And how a callus has formed on his soul, and unless that system is adjusted to fit him, too, that callus is going to wear our that system.
5. 擬人
Dawn was beginning to prowl about the sky and put out the starts.
6. 夸張
For she was beautiful—her beauty made the bright world dim, and everything beside seemed like the fleeting image of a shade.
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