托福寫作解析：十大常見寫作話題
托福寫作是一個(gè)能夠從多方面去考察學(xué)生能力的部分，想要取得托福寫作高分，需要長時(shí)間的積累和聯(lián)系。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦為大家整理的托福寫作解析：十大常見寫作話題，希望能夠?qū)Υ蠹覀淇纪懈懽饔兴鶐椭?/p>
托福寫作解析：十大常見寫作話題
1、動(dòng)物類
一直以來采取防止動(dòng)物和植物免于滅絕太少了,盡管人們已經(jīng)注意到這個(gè)問題了很長時(shí)間。為什么人們沒能改善這種狀況嗎?你有什么建議嗎?
Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out, although people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why have people failed to improve this situation? What are your suggestions?
2、教育類
(1).一些人認(rèn)為教育孩子完全會(huì)使他們受益。其他人認(rèn)為聰明的孩子應(yīng)該分開教學(xué),給予特別的課程。討論雙方的觀點(diǎn),給你自己的意見。
Some people believe that educating children altogether will benefit them. Others think intelligent children should be taught separately and given special courses. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
(2).如今,越來越多的畢業(yè)生無法找到工作。討論在年輕人和成年人之間不斷上升的失業(yè)率的原因，給出解決方案。
Today, more school leavers are unable to find jobs. Discuss the causes of rising unemployment among young adults and suggest any solutions.
3、全球化影響
現(xiàn)有一個(gè)對于增加國家之間的商業(yè)和文化聯(lián)系給國家的身份所帶來的影響的分歧。你的意見是什么?
There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a country’s identity. What is your opinion?
4、政府投資
人們應(yīng)該把保留所有他們掙到的錢,不應(yīng)該繳稅給國家。你同意或不同意?
People should keep all the money they earn and should not pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree?
5、科技影響
很多員工可能運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代科技在家工作。一些人認(rèn)為它只對員工有好處,而不是雇主。你在多大程度上同意或不同意?
Many employees may work at home with modern technology. Some people claim that it benefits only workers, but not employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
6、文化類
(1).對一個(gè)建筑而言實(shí)用目的外表美觀更重要。架構(gòu)師不需要擔(dān)心是否它是一個(gè)真正的藝術(shù)品。你同意或不同意?
It is more important for a building to serve its purposes than to look beautiful. Architects do not need to worry about whether it is a real work of art. Do you agree or disagree?
(2).國際旅游是世界上最大的產(chǎn)業(yè)。在什么程度上你認(rèn)為它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于它的缺點(diǎn)?
The international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages?
7、生活工作
一些人認(rèn)為定期換工作是好的。你的意見是什么?
Some people think that changing jobs periodically is good. What is your opinion?
8、傳媒類
一些人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該有限制的在電視和報(bào)紙上詳細(xì)描述犯罪。你在多大程度上同意或不同意?
Some people suggest that there should be restrictions on a detailed description of crimes in the newspapers and on television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
9、廣告類
當(dāng)今有許多針對兒童的廣告。父母認(rèn)對孩子是誤導(dǎo),然而廣告商認(rèn)為這是很有用的信息。你的意見是什么?
There are many advertisements directed at children. Parents argue that children are misled, while advertisers consider advertising a source of useful information. What is your opinion?
10、環(huán)境類
據(jù)說最好的辦法解決世界環(huán)境問題是提高燃料的價(jià)格。你在多大程度上同意或不同意?
It is said that the best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
托福寫作如何寫好論據(jù)
托福寫作論據(jù)通常來自兩個(gè)角度：個(gè)人和社會(huì)。
個(gè)人角度通常會(huì)涉及到個(gè)人的身體和心理的健康，個(gè)人的動(dòng)機(jī)，夢想，興趣愛好，職業(yè)和學(xué)業(yè)，家庭背景，個(gè)人生活方式以及個(gè)人的能力。
社會(huì)角度一般包括政府稅收，教育，民族文化，經(jīng)濟(jì)，能源環(huán)境以及社會(huì)秩序。
在考生拿到一個(gè)托福作文題目后，無論對這個(gè)題目持有什么樣的立場，都可以按照以上兩個(gè)方面來構(gòu)思。接下來我們可以通過分析兩個(gè)例題來感受上述方法。
1. Government should be responsible for the tuition fee of university students. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
題目的意思是政府該不該支付大學(xué)生的學(xué)費(fèi)，針對這個(gè)題目，無論是同意還是不同意，我們都按個(gè)人和社會(huì)兩個(gè)角度來看一下。
同意
個(gè)人：For those students who are with great intelligence but from poor families, government surely should be responsible for their tuition fee and provide them opportunities to go to school and then release pressure for their families. 因?yàn)榇祟}討論的是大學(xué)生的學(xué)費(fèi)，正如前面所提到的，個(gè)人的構(gòu)思角度包括"個(gè)人家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)背景"。
社會(huì)：As we all know, economy is a master key to a country's development and it is undeniable that students who finish their education are the main force pushing forward social and economic development, for which government should encourage education for the benefits of the whole society. 既然從社會(huì)角度出發(fā)，就要試著往這方面靠攏，首先想想學(xué)生接受教育對社會(huì)的益處是什么?上文提到，社會(huì)角度包括"經(jīng)濟(jì)"，所以政府支持教育必然對推進(jìn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有好處。
不同意
個(gè)人：Paying tuition fee for university students can make them access to education easier, therefore, some students may lose motivation without financial pressure and will not cherish the studying opportunities. As a consequence, it is hard to guarantee the quality of university education. 個(gè)人的角度包括"學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)"，政府給大學(xué)生支付學(xué)費(fèi)可能會(huì)讓他們喪失學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)，從而影響教學(xué)質(zhì)量。
社會(huì)：Due to the limited financial budget, government is likely to suffer a great pressure if spending too much money on education; as a result, our government will not have extra energy to develop in other fields, such as science and technology, as well as the medical advances, which are also with great significance to society.
我們之前也提到，社會(huì)的構(gòu)思角度除了"教育"之外還有其他方面，例如"經(jīng)濟(jì)"或者"文化"或者"環(huán)境保護(hù)"。所以一旦政府在教育上花費(fèi)過多，其他領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展就會(huì)受到限制。
2. Machines can do a lot of work for human being, it can bring many benefits. To what extent do you agree or disagree.
同意
個(gè)人：More work can be done in a relatively shorter time, which can greatly increase the working efficiency and improve quality of life by reducing the working tense; the benefits of this trend also can ensure safety of employees as some work with great danger can rely on machines.
個(gè)人角度包括個(gè)人的身體健康(人身安全)和生活方式。所以這里的論據(jù) "減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度"和 "增強(qiáng)安全程度"正是來源于此。而且Reduce the working tense之后就意味著生活將會(huì)更輕松即"改善生活方式"。
社會(huì)：The economic development speeds up due to the improvement of productivity by using machines, which never feel tired and are not dependent external factors, such as emotion and weather.
社會(huì)包括"經(jīng)濟(jì)"，所以機(jī)器代替人類能夠提高社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力，從而促進(jìn)"社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)"發(fā)展。
不同意
個(gè)人：Relying on machines too much may lead to lack of exercise and then cause human's healthy problems. 個(gè)人角度包含"個(gè)人的健康"問題。因此我們可以想到如果過多的依賴機(jī)器，人們就會(huì)缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)從而導(dǎo)致健康水平下降。
社會(huì)：Some handicraft skills cannot be passed on and the traditional culture may die out since the skilled workers have been replaced by machines. Moreover, it is usually more resource consuming and causes environmental problems by using machines in the mass production.因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)包括"傳統(tǒng)文化"，進(jìn)一步我們可以想到機(jī)器工作多了必然導(dǎo)致人們的手工技能或者稱之為傳統(tǒng)文化將會(huì)在社會(huì)中消亡。同時(shí)，社會(huì)包括"環(huán)境問題"。機(jī)器雖然可以提高效率，但是會(huì)消耗能源或者排放一些污染環(huán)境的物質(zhì)，因?yàn)闀?huì)涉及到環(huán)保問題，同樣屬于社會(huì)的構(gòu)思角度。
托福寫作名詞表達(dá)法
新托?？荚囎鳛閲忸惪荚?，其寫作部分的用詞地道的重要性毋庸置疑。然而，由于歷史、地理和社會(huì)的原因，英民族更注重抽象思維，他們擅長用抽象的概念來表達(dá)具體的事物。他們認(rèn)為通過名詞化可以產(chǎn)生大量抽象概念，滿足英語表達(dá)抽象概念的需要。因此，擅用名詞化不僅體現(xiàn)了寫作水平，更是一種思維方式。
曾經(jīng)一個(gè)針對中國幾所頂尖大學(xué)的優(yōu)秀作文的調(diào)查顯示，20 篇優(yōu)秀作文中名詞化的使用頻率為7%-8%，而普通習(xí)作的使用頻率僅為5%-6%。與此同時(shí)，選用了20 篇英語國家學(xué)生的英語作文，同樣的方法統(tǒng)計(jì)出其名詞化的使用頻率為10%-15%。有人更是戲說道，老外眼中句子分為3個(gè)檔次，最差的是主動(dòng)句，較好的是被動(dòng)句，倒裝句等，最好的nominalization(名詞化)的句子，這樣的句子最學(xué)術(shù)最適合寫論文。那么面對這樣的差異，我們需要重新審視我們寫作中的思維方式，做到如何恰到好處又不“畫蛇添足”。
簡單說，名詞化即是動(dòng)詞或形容詞被用作名詞的現(xiàn)象。比如動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)成名詞：discovery-》discovery,move-》movement,refuse-》refusal，又比如形容詞轉(zhuǎn)成名詞：careless-》carelessness,difficult-》difficulty,intense-》intensity.那么什么情況下，我們需要進(jìn)行名詞化呢
A 謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語部分
原句：I do not know either what she meant or what he intends.
名詞化：I do not know either her meaning or his intentions.
B 結(jié)合被動(dòng)形式
原句：If people decide without enough persuasive information.
名詞化：If a decision is made without enough persuasive information.
C 取代諸如從句中“the fact that”的用法
原句：The fact that I denied what he accused me of impressed the jury.
名詞化：My denial of his accusations impressed the jury.
更好的名詞化：a. When I denied his accusations,I impressed the jury.
b. In denying his accusations,I impressed the jury.
D 名詞化部分用在there is/are的后面
原句：We demand that the government stop taxing entertainment.
名詞化：There is a demand for an end to taxation on entertainment.
原句：The floods considerably eroded the land.
名詞化：There was considerable erosion of the land from the floods.
托福寫作在生活中積累素材
若是可以從生活著手，接近生活，給讀者一次機(jī)會(huì)去以另外一個(gè)個(gè)體的視角來審視、理解、解釋世界。而這本身就像一次探險(xiǎn)。只要有未知，自然就會(huì)喚起人們的興趣。如果我們能充分利用這一點(diǎn)，寫出用意思又有特點(diǎn)的作文并不是一件難事。
如何提取這樣的生活片段，如何把這些生活素材轉(zhuǎn)化為我們的文章精華呢?
源自生活的靈感有了，但是該如何向他人表達(dá)這種靈感呢?這就需要文章的各個(gè)鏈條的銜接和表達(dá)技巧。一般是遵循以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1、生動(dòng)的場景是說服他人最有效的傳遞，若想傳遞一種體驗(yàn)，則必須最生動(dòng)的還原一個(gè)場景。2、生動(dòng)的準(zhǔn)則是：敘述內(nèi)容可以被人類感官識(shí)別。而介于我們的手段只有文字，就必須要描寫具體的東西。3、具體的事物又包括：物體、顏色、形狀、氣味、動(dòng)作、表情、細(xì)節(jié)等等?？此埔蠛芨撸紤]到托福作文題材大都接近生活，這要求并不過分，只要你擅長觀察。
例如，某篇文章開頭翻譯后大致如下：“你有沒有曾經(jīng)在烈日下等過一個(gè)小時(shí)的公交車?你有沒有在交通堵塞的時(shí)候滯留在車上，被困在所有人的汗水與氣味之中?你有沒有在雨水濕透全身的時(shí)候卻找不到一輛計(jì)程車?如果你有任何這樣的經(jīng)歷，你就不會(huì)奇怪為什么我最想改變的是我家鄉(xiāng)的公共交通設(shè)施。”這篇文章的開頭最大的特點(diǎn)有二。第一，其內(nèi)容絕對源自生活，沒有什么晦澀之處。但他要是不說到這些點(diǎn)，讀者也未必能想到。這一提立刻把讀者拽到“境”中。第二，在描寫上，該文章還是下了一些文章的。它盡量避免一些抽象的詞，比如令人不悅的、不舒服的、熱的、難過的，而選擇使用汗水、雨水，而且是“所有人”的。種.種細(xì)節(jié)起到了一個(gè)絕好的效果，就是“恐嚇讀者”。即便沒有這樣經(jīng)歷的讀者，在看過這樣一番形容之后，恐怕也會(huì)對這樣的體驗(yàn)心存不爽。而這不爽正是我們需要的感覺!經(jīng)過悉心的設(shè)計(jì)，讀者的思維狀態(tài)終于和我們的“同步”了。
思維上的“同步”，或者英文中的“移情”作用，是寫出好作文的一大有效手段。至此，我們結(jié)束了讀者不可預(yù)知隨機(jī)的思維狀態(tài)。由此以后讀者的思維便都在我們掌控運(yùn)籌之中。
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