托福寫作簡潔建議_托福寫作語法錯(cuò)誤問題
簡潔是托福寫作中的非常重要的一點(diǎn),很多考生都因?yàn)樽非笞謹(jǐn)?shù)或是繁瑣句式的原因而使自己的托福寫作變得不簡潔,從而影響成績。下面是小編整理的托福寫作簡潔建議,歡迎大家閱讀分享借鑒。
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托福簡潔寫作建議
建議一: 空洞且累贅的詞匯需要去除
1.有時(shí)候某些詞匯和詞組并沒有必要出現(xiàn)在句子中,不能夠點(diǎn)明信息和句子主題,其實(shí)我們可以直接去掉的。我們來舉個(gè)例子看一下:
When all things are considered,young adults of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents,in my opinion.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion“都是顯得可有可無的東西??梢灾苯觿h掉。變成:
Young adults of today live more satisfying lives than their parents.
2. 一些繁瑣且空洞的表達(dá)方式也是不可以不用的,看下面一段話
Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents,they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time.
這里的“due to the fact that”就是一個(gè)很繁瑣的表達(dá)方式,那么我們可以將句子改成更為簡潔的表達(dá)方式:
Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents,they did not have the options that young people have now.
建議二: 避免重復(fù)
1. 不要在寫作的過程中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)同一詞匯,包括同義詞反復(fù)出現(xiàn),如果有,看看我們是如何美容動(dòng)刀的。比方說下面的句子:
The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size.
large 對(duì)一個(gè)farm來說就是size方面的large,所以in size可以去掉,改為:
The farm my grandfather grew up on was large.
極簡的方式可以改成:
My grandfather grew up on a large farm.
2.有些詞組甚至可以用單詞來代替,例如:
My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents’ farm.
這里的over and over again就可以改為repeatedly,我們?nèi)サ粲纺[的詞組就可以變成:
My grandfather has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents’ farm.
建議三:語法結(jié)構(gòu)很重要
合適的語法結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)于表達(dá)來說是非常有利的,合適的語法結(jié)構(gòu)可以是句子看起來更為一目了然、簡潔。合適的語法結(jié)構(gòu)為寫作要點(diǎn),但是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜性也是比較需要的,但是必須達(dá)到表達(dá)順暢的效果。在這里我們給大家精心準(zhǔn)備了幾個(gè)不錯(cuò)的語法結(jié)構(gòu),希望能夠幫到同學(xué)們的托福寫作考試:
1. 一個(gè)句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該能夠反映句子中的最重要的意思。例如:
The situation that resulted in my grandfather’s not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm.
我們從以上句子得到表達(dá)的核心點(diǎn)“grandfather’s not being able to study”,我們?nèi)ケ磉_(dá)這個(gè)概論的時(shí)候,原句用的主語是situation,謂語動(dòng)詞是was,不能強(qiáng)調(diào)需要表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)概念,那么最完美的更改就如下:
My grandfather couldn’t study engineering because his father needed help on the farm.
2. 切勿“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)使用過多,比方說如下句子:
There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather.
我們可以簡化為:My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day.
極簡的改法就是:
My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily.
3. 把從句改為短語或單詞。例如:
Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.
更為簡潔的表達(dá)就可以改為:
The dairy farm was located in a remote area,100 kilometers to the nearest university.
4. 僅在需要強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語而不是主語的時(shí)候,才使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如:
In the fall,not only did the cows have to be milked,but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather’s family.
這個(gè)句子優(yōu)化的點(diǎn)就在“忙碌的家庭——my grandfather’s family”,而使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)后,仿佛重心變成了cows和hay。我們用主語時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行表達(dá),那么更為簡潔:
In the fall,my grandfather’s family not only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay.
5. 精確的詞匯比詞組更為好用,就像下面這句話:
My grandfather didn’t have time to stand around doing nothing with his school friends.
Stand around doing nothing其實(shí)可以用一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來表達(dá),即loiter:
My grandfather didn’t have time to loiter with his school friends.
6. 有時(shí)候兩句話表達(dá)出來的東西,可以精煉組合成一句話,就比方說:
Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too small to meet the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a university degree.
重要信息合并成下面這個(gè)句子:
Profits from the farm were sometimes too small to meet operational expenses,let alone pay for a university degree.
使用長句沒有錯(cuò),但是需要合理。在我們寫句子的時(shí)候,很多同學(xué)都是分?jǐn)?shù)突破不上去,大部分都是因?yàn)榫渥犹纺[了,有很多沒有用的地方!不要總是追求滿篇的長句,過于復(fù)雜的話你自己都hold不住,也會(huì)非常影響分?jǐn)?shù)!
托福寫作中需要避免的語法錯(cuò)誤
1.句子不完整
句子缺少主語或謂語。
誤:Because some necessary procedures such as transporting the factories, modifying equipment or planting more trees.
2.句子缺少連詞
兩個(gè)句子之間不能只用逗號(hào)連接,要有連詞。
誤:My sister loves to dance, she is very good at it.
3.句式不平行
句子中并列的成分應(yīng)該是相同的結(jié)構(gòu)。
誤:I like to eat Japanese and eating Thai food.(eating-> eat)
誤:Teenagers are more influenced by their peers than their parents.(than their parents-> than by their parents)
4.句意重復(fù)或冗余
誤:The low-priced car was inexpensive.(low-priced和inexpensive重復(fù))
誤:Personally, I believe what the newspaper prints.(personally和I believe重復(fù))
托福獨(dú)立寫作高分注意事項(xiàng)
1、你的時(shí)間預(yù)算。
你只有半個(gè)小時(shí)來應(yīng)對(duì)托福獨(dú)立寫作,你必須要把時(shí)間估算好,這其中可能包括:計(jì)劃和記錄2-3分鐘;寫文章大約20分鐘;檢查文章3-5分鐘。這其中可能有的考生還需要理思路和列提綱等,反正大家要把考試時(shí)間計(jì)算精確,千萬別等時(shí)間到了,你還沒有寫完,更別談檢查了。
2、仔細(xì)閱讀問題。
對(duì)于托福獨(dú)立寫作,最重要的就是審題,就是考生必須要準(zhǔn)確地寫這個(gè)題目。如果你對(duì)題目都理解得不清不楚,那么你寫出來的文章或許也不能算是一篇成功或者說高分作文。
3、頭腦風(fēng)暴。
在進(jìn)行托福獨(dú)立寫作之前,考生應(yīng)該花一些時(shí)間來進(jìn)行“頭腦風(fēng)暴”,思考這個(gè)話題和最好的方法。也只有這樣才能讓你在看到題目之后把所以可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的情況都提前封上,以求寫出高分作文。
4、寫你計(jì)劃的文章。
你不必用羅馬數(shù)字、大寫字母等寫出正式的大綱。但是,你應(yīng)該做一些筆記。通過你的筆記,你可以根據(jù)你列出思路進(jìn)行寫作,把你想要寫的點(diǎn)都寫到,以充實(shí)你的托福寫作文章。
5、確保你的邏輯是盡可能清晰。
因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代托福考試都是機(jī)考,不涉及寫字,但是在打字的時(shí)候也要注意文章邏輯思路,不要讓讀者即你的批改考官看到一篇沒有邏輯的文章,這樣會(huì)影響你的得分的。
6、遵循一個(gè)明確,邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。
這其實(shí)和第5點(diǎn)差不多,就是要說你的文章結(jié)構(gòu)要清楚,這樣閱讀人才會(huì)有興趣讀下去。一般好的文章一般是這樣的結(jié)構(gòu):
主題段:提出觀點(diǎn)或者主旨。
正文:由2-3段組成,這其中包括例子敘述等內(nèi)容。
結(jié)尾段:最后總結(jié)一些為什么選擇這個(gè),可能還會(huì)運(yùn)用到讓步段,即如果選擇另一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)會(huì)怎么樣。
7、使用具體的例子,具體原因。
對(duì)于文章的例子,這個(gè)我們?cè)谶@里也單獨(dú)說一下,一般置于文章的正文部分,必須要有例子來支撐你的論點(diǎn)。
8、使用信號(hào)詞來表示的轉(zhuǎn)換。
在你的文章當(dāng)中,信號(hào)詞可以用來連接段落到段落和句子到句子。
9、使用不同的句子類型。
好的文章是由大部分的簡單句+少許的長句組成。如果全篇都是簡單句,就會(huì)讓考官覺得你的文章太單調(diào),這樣的文章評(píng)分一般不會(huì)太高,所以在寫作時(shí),考生要努力的使用不同長度的句子來體現(xiàn)你的英文水平。
10、檢查作文錯(cuò)誤。
在托福寫作當(dāng)中,往往會(huì)因一些小的錯(cuò)誤讓你的托福寫作得不了高分,因此不要跨越長的部分或者嘗試添加很多新的材料。在標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、拼寫和大寫以及常見的語法錯(cuò)誤中找出明顯的錯(cuò)誤。這也是托福寫作高分很重要的一個(gè)部分,所以大家要盡可能抽出些時(shí)間來進(jìn)行檢查。
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