快速定位雅思主題句的方法
對(duì)于很多新近的雅思考生而言,都會(huì)被要求掌握泛讀和精讀的方法。但在真正的實(shí)際操作過程中,很多人都沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)泛讀和精讀的意義。這兩個(gè)方法的熟練是要考生知道每段在講什么,也就是主題句是什么。因此很多人都只是翻譯這篇文章,并沒有做到讀完找主題句。今天學(xué)習(xí)啦就為大家?guī)矶ㄎ恢黝}句的方法。
快速定位雅思閱讀主題句的方法
首先,在雅思閱讀中,我們常見的主題句一般都會(huì)出現(xiàn)在一段話的開頭。通常,雅思A類閱讀考試中的文章都是屬于學(xué)術(shù)類的,按照西方傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)術(shù)文章書寫習(xí)慣,都喜歡把自己的觀點(diǎn)放在段落的第一句話,然后接下來解釋和說明。因此,常常第一句話就是這段內(nèi)容的主旨,也就是我們常見的主題句,可以看到下面的例子。
As a child grows up, he learns how to behave in ways that is appropriate to the society into which he is born. That is to say, he acquires the patterns of behavior that are accepted as normal in his society. This process of social learning is generally referred to as socialization. By socialization, then, we mean the process whereby individuals learn the rules, values and practices of the society in which they live.
從上面例子我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),很明顯主題句就在第一段,判斷的理由就是“That is to say”.意思就是對(duì)上一句話的解釋,然后接下來的幾句話很明顯看得出來是遞進(jìn)的解釋關(guān)系。所以當(dāng)考生面對(duì)這種段落,可以優(yōu)先看完第一段。
其次,在定位雅思閱讀段落主題方法中,第二句也會(huì)成為主題句。但是這種情況要看看第一句話是什么樣的形式。當(dāng)?shù)谝痪湓捠菃柧?,過渡句,或者轉(zhuǎn)折句的時(shí)候,很多時(shí)候第二句就是主題句。其實(shí)這個(gè)也類似于句子在首段這個(gè)方法。因?yàn)橄駟柧?,過渡句,轉(zhuǎn)折句等作用就是進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)下一句作者的觀點(diǎn),類似于語文寫作中的先抑后揚(yáng)的手法。因此,這時(shí)候第二句就成為了主題句。我們可以通過下面的例子說明一下:
What then makes people left-handed if it is not simply genetic? Other factors must be at work and researchers have turned to the brain for clues. In the 1860s the French surgeon and anthropologist, Dr Paul Broca, made the remarkable finding that patients who had lost their powers of speech as a result of a stroke (a blood clot in the brain) had paralysis of the right half of their body.
我們先看看第一句的意思,大概講的就是除了基因讓人使用左手,還有什么因素導(dǎo)致?從翻譯可以顯然得知不是主題句。再從第二句的意思可以得知大腦也對(duì)使用左手也產(chǎn)生了作用。因此考生可以很明顯的發(fā)現(xiàn),問句后面的第二句就是主題句。就是作者在這段想解釋還有什么因素導(dǎo)致人使用左手。
最后,雅思閱讀主題句的位置會(huì)出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾。這個(gè)相比上述的兩個(gè)方法,會(huì)更難一些。因?yàn)樾枰x完一整段才能知道主題句在哪兒,這時(shí)候考生會(huì)很容易找錯(cuò)主題句,誤解段落的中心思想。這時(shí)候考生需要找到一些歸納總結(jié)的詞匯,進(jìn)行快速定位。例如:Consequently / Accordingly / As a result等?;蛘邥?huì)出現(xiàn)一些歸納性質(zhì)的詞組和短句,例如:the study / the investigation / the analysis / the evidences show。
這些詞組的意思的總體表達(dá)的就是對(duì)上文進(jìn)行總結(jié)和觀點(diǎn)說明。這時(shí)候考生可以很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)主題句的位置。我們可以看看下面的例子:
The only species which demonstrated near normal productivity was Cassin’s Auklet, in which the value for 1998 exceeded the long-term mean by 16 percent. However, given that very few Cassin’s Auklets attempted to breed, island-wide offspring production was extremely low. In short, these observations were quite similar, with slight variations, to observations made on the Farallon seabird community in other severe E1 Nino years.
上述的例子很容易讓考生產(chǎn)生誤會(huì),因?yàn)榭吹健癲emonstrated(證明)”就認(rèn)為這句話是作者觀點(diǎn)的表明。然而考生很容易忽視前面由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,是單純修飾前面的單詞,并不是作者觀點(diǎn)的表達(dá)。這時(shí)候我們?cè)诮酉聛砜淳渥?,?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)“In short, these observations were”這個(gè)詞組。很顯然這個(gè)的意思等于“all in all”,就是我們常說的歸納性質(zhì)的詞組。因此可以發(fā)現(xiàn)后面一段話才是整個(gè)段落的主題句。
詳解雅思聽力考試的三種出題套路
套路一:節(jié)奏性讓考生有條不紊聽題
時(shí)間節(jié)奏:除了大家熟悉的讀題時(shí)間之外,每個(gè)section之后均有30秒鐘讀題時(shí)間,充分將這30秒依次轉(zhuǎn)移到下個(gè)section會(huì)有效緩解后3個(gè)section的讀題緊張性。
順序節(jié)奏:雅思聽力共40個(gè)題目(共4部分)均按照順序性原則出題,因此,在讀題過程中要清楚了解每道題的考點(diǎn),為有目的的進(jìn)行聽力做準(zhǔn)備,即有效Listen for sth的做題思路;
套路二:對(duì)話邏輯透析答案以哪一個(gè)speaker為準(zhǔn)
一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)話例子,CAMBRIAGE 4 TEST3 的SECTION1, 問題是length of time in Australia, 當(dāng)提問者問到 how long have you been in Australia?回答者:A year in Adelaide and six months in Sydney, i prefer Sydney...這個(gè)題目很多同學(xué)答案會(huì)選擇6months, 主要原因是只知道悉尼是澳大利亞的城市,卻不知道Adelaide也是澳大利亞的城市,在雅思聽力中如果有一些地理常識(shí)當(dāng)然會(huì)幫助做題,但是如果熟悉對(duì)話技巧的話,通過發(fā)問者的問題:在澳大利亞已經(jīng)待了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?我們會(huì)很明顯邏輯的推出后面回答均是在澳大利亞的時(shí)間,故答案為18months或者1.5years。
Section1對(duì)話如此,同樣與seciton1一樣均為對(duì)話的Section3也處處可見對(duì)話的邏輯優(yōu)勢(shì),在清楚2個(gè)speaker之間的邏輯關(guān)系之后,我們會(huì)很容易找到題目的切入點(diǎn),如:劍8 Test 3 Q 27-30的配對(duì)題,出題形式大家都很熟悉,與C7T4S3 Q23-26 極為相似, 即:
What does Paul decide about each of the following modules?
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 27-30.
A He will do this
B He might do this
C He won’t do this
Module
27. Gender Studies in Latin America_____
28. Second Language Acquisition ______
29. Indigenous Women’s Lives ______
30. Portuguese Language Studies ______
通過題目要求我們不難看出,此題主要考察Paul的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn),因此根據(jù)對(duì)話的邏輯的技巧,我們只需要通過對(duì)方提出27-30中的module名字定位,然后集中精力聽paul的觀點(diǎn)是積極or 肯定or猶豫就很容易選出答案。
當(dāng)然在對(duì)話中,speaker之間有時(shí)候也可以互相輔助,當(dāng)初步預(yù)測(cè)由speaker A說出答案時(shí),有可能speaker A的語言相對(duì)比較模糊,或者沒有聽清楚時(shí),speakerB的對(duì)答顯的尤為重要,比如:在CAMBRIAGE 4 的TEST1 的SECTION 3中一對(duì)師生對(duì)話,主要圍繞學(xué)生申請(qǐng)延遲論文完成時(shí)間及老師對(duì)參考書目給予建議;其中對(duì)于Roberts的文章,老師給的建議是the one by Roberts says very well things although it is not essential, 通過這個(gè)建議,我們很難在選項(xiàng)中短時(shí)間內(nèi)選出答案,但是學(xué)生回答是:ok, if it is useful, i will read this one. So答案就非常明顯即選項(xiàng)中的useful.
套路三:信號(hào)詞在復(fù)雜專業(yè)內(nèi)容中指引關(guān)鍵信息
在雅思聽力中有一些詞本身意義并不重要,重要的是其在信息之間起到提示信號(hào)作用,如果能對(duì)這些詞迅速做出反應(yīng),就能事半功倍了(信號(hào)詞主要包含否定詞、轉(zhuǎn)折詞、并列詞及強(qiáng)調(diào)詞等)。
比如:C5T4S3 Q25-Q27 大家通過原文難看出信號(hào)詞的重要性。
Q 25 ......But I think they’re much more cautious than that and expect they will start trying to find individuals who’d be prepared to back them with some of the capital they need.
Q27 .....But a more ambitious approach,and one which I think would have more chance of success, would be to alter how they’re running things-the management layers and the processes.
Q28......and I want you to take Box Telecom as an example and suggest some ways in which they might overcome their Problems.
雅思聽力的常規(guī)關(guān)鍵詞總結(jié)
常規(guī)類關(guān)鍵詞:適用于所有聽力題型的定位詞,包括
1. 數(shù)字
題目中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字信息一般不會(huì)發(fā)生變化,例如:
劍7 TEST4 SECTION4 QUESTION32 In 1958, scientists in Japan
QUESTION33 What change occurred in the manufacture of glute-mate in 1956?
2. 限定詞
通常會(huì)遇到時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),程度的限定。
其中時(shí)間地點(diǎn)限定一般不會(huì)發(fā)生變化,程度限定往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)同義互換,常見的有most, more than ,up to ,fewer, extremely, slightly, at least等。
例如:劍7 TEST1 SECTION2 QUESTION12
The company has most camping sites in
Anita feels that most sports coaches know nothing about the influence of handedness.
3. 專有名詞
專有名詞指的是除了介詞以外每個(gè)單詞首字母都大寫的這部分詞,可以分為四類:
A. 人名稱謂類
在學(xué)術(shù)場(chǎng)景中常見的稱謂是考生需要會(huì)熟練拼寫的,比如Support Tutor, Professor, Principal, Director of Studies
B. 地名類
例如常見街道名,包括street, avenue, lane, drive, block, road等
C. 標(biāo)題類名詞
如組織機(jī)構(gòu),建筑景點(diǎn),學(xué)科,節(jié)假日,品牌等等,可以通過聽到的called, named, known as, termed來定位
D. 星期,月份
4. 特殊字體和符號(hào)內(nèi)信息
特殊字體指的是黑體和粗體,特殊符號(hào)指的是括號(hào)或者引號(hào)
5.難詞
題目中出現(xiàn)不熟悉的單詞是非常正常的,不用擔(dān)心,這些詞恰恰在很多時(shí)候可以幫助我們,因?yàn)椴粫?huì)發(fā)生變化,只需要知道它們的大概發(fā)音,在聽到時(shí)能夠迅速定位就可以了。
非常規(guī)類信號(hào)詞:主要用于選擇題的審題,可以分成四類
1. 感情色彩類
題目中出現(xiàn)的例如impressed, interested, depressed, difficult, hard, against, in favor of這些含有一定感情色彩的詞往往需要注意,例如:
When she Had adopted a portfolio, she found the publishers
A. more receptive to her work
B. equally cautious about her work
C. uninterested in her work
2. 方式方法類
題目中出現(xiàn)的表示方式的詞是考生需要找到作為關(guān)鍵詞的,例如:
劍7 TEST1 SECTION2 QUESTION11 PS company has been organising holidays for
劍7 TEST3 SECTION2 QUESTION11 On the holiday, you will be walking for
When was the Braille system officially adopted
3. 趨勢(shì)變化類
這類關(guān)鍵詞也可以借助筆記法,用一些表示上升或下降的符號(hào)來替代
A. 增加,上升或好轉(zhuǎn)
這類詞有Increase, add, more, better, improve, grow up by ……
B. 減少,下降或惡化
這類詞有decrease, fewer, reduce, decline, worse, drop by……
例如劍6 TEST1 SECTION2
A. doubled in number
B. reduced in number
C. increased in size
4. 結(jié)論觀點(diǎn)類
題目中出現(xiàn)的與結(jié)論觀點(diǎn)相關(guān)的詞可以作為我們的關(guān)鍵詞,如indicate, find the following, suggest, get the conclusion that, discover等。
快速定位雅思閱讀主題句的方法相關(guān)文章:
★ 雅思怎樣快速閱讀
快速定位雅思主題句的方法
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