GRE作文argument寫作技巧介紹
GRE寫作部分，想要寫出一篇高分作文，同學(xué)們還是需要苦下功夫。那么在具體的備考中，又有哪些寫作技巧能夠減少我們的備考障礙，更好地拿到寫作高分呢?下面小編為大家整理了詳細(xì)的內(nèi)容，供大家參考，希望幫助考生更好地提分。
GRE作文argument寫作技巧介紹
GRE作文中的Argument是分析一個(gè)論證過程，所以考生需要寫出一篇駁論。由于題目所給的Argument一般是不完整因而不可信的，所以我們的文章是以削弱為主要形式的評(píng)論型文章
什么是Argument?
Argument譯為論證過程，指的是作者為了說服他人而使用一個(gè)前提——結(jié)論式結(jié)構(gòu)得出自己觀點(diǎn)的推理過程
一個(gè)完整的Argument包含以下四個(gè)要素
l Premise——前提，能直接退出結(jié)論的一個(gè)條件
l Assumption——假設(shè)，為了使論證更可信而額外設(shè)定的條件
l Evidence——論據(jù)，為了使論證更可信而引用的客觀事實(shí)
l Conclusion——結(jié)論，作者最終用于說服他人而得出的觀點(diǎn)、立場
一個(gè)說服力較強(qiáng)的，完整的argument通常包含多個(gè)Assumption+Evidence來支持文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)。
為什么要寫Analysis?
從ARGUMENT結(jié)構(gòu)角度來講：我們題庫中的Argument文章一般是Assumption和Evidence大量缺失甚至出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，導(dǎo)致原文的結(jié)論很容易無法得出的文章。
所有的ARGUMENT文章，其基本表現(xiàn)形式為：“原文作者無法得出結(jié)論(因?yàn)?——削弱條件1+削弱條件2+削弱條件3——因此作者結(jié)論無法得出，如果想得出結(jié)論，就必須考慮到可能的削弱條件(123)”。
詳解GRE作文2大扣分重災(zāi)區(qū)
GRE寫作扣分主要原因1：觀點(diǎn)類問題
GRE寫作在論點(diǎn)上出問題的情況是非常多的，其中最主要的情況有兩種，一種是論點(diǎn)過于寬泛，另外一種則是論點(diǎn)過于狹窄。
a. 觀點(diǎn)過于寬泛
在各類教導(dǎo)寫作的材料中，大家應(yīng)該時(shí)常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)于強(qiáng)調(diào)GRE寫作論點(diǎn)一定要寫得具體，越細(xì)越好的指導(dǎo)建議。而考生經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的問題就是會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些很寬泛的論點(diǎn)句，以至于在較短的篇幅里并不能充分展開，甚至有時(shí)候會(huì)造成觀點(diǎn)重疊。GRE高分作文寫法步驟詳細(xì)指導(dǎo)
比如今年2月份的GRE考試中有一篇作文，題目要求探討關(guān)于移動(dòng)電話對(duì)于現(xiàn)代人生活的影響。假如考生提煉出的觀點(diǎn)是“Mobile phones have changed our life greatly. ”這句只是說手機(jī)很大程度上改變了人們的生活，但是并未點(diǎn)明從哪些方面上帶來了改變，因此把這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)具化一下：“Mobile phones can serve as a connection to the Internet, which can be extremely convenient for obtaining information wherever you may be.”
而同樣是在2月份，還有一篇作文的題目則討論了關(guān)于廣告泛濫對(duì)于社會(huì)輿論造成的干擾。如果考生只是簡單寫“Advertising has bad effects on all of society. ”廣告有不良影響顯然是不夠的。我們需要寫出具體的方面，比如“Advertisements which exaggerate the function of the products may mislead the consumers.”
b. 論點(diǎn)過于狹窄
與論點(diǎn)過于寬泛相對(duì)的，則是一些考生把論點(diǎn)定得太過狹窄，自己把自己逼近了死胡同以至于沒有展開的空間甚至沒有進(jìn)一步支持的必要。這類句子與其說是觀點(diǎn)，倒不如說是事實(shí)的陳述或者只是舉了個(gè)例子而已。
4月第一次換庫的時(shí)候一篇曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過幾次的作文題目，講的是某個(gè)地方當(dāng)?shù)厝碎_展旅游業(yè)的看法。有的考生直接把觀點(diǎn)寫成“There are more local residents engaged in tourism industry. ”這其實(shí)并非觀點(diǎn)，只是陳述了一個(gè)事實(shí)就是在當(dāng)?shù)卦絹碓蕉嗳碎_始從事旅游業(yè)，可改為：“Tourism brings huge economic benefits to local residents.”就比較容易展開了。
1月份的GRE作文中也有一道討論不可再生燃料如何持續(xù)利用的題目，如果考生寫出“The consumption of fossil fuels increase in recent years. ”也等于是自己把話說死了，正確寫法是給出論述重點(diǎn)，假設(shè)原因，比如“The consumption of fossil fuels increasing in recent years results from two factors.”之后就會(huì)好寫很多。
GRE寫作扣分主要原因2：用詞問題
GRE寫作評(píng)分中關(guān)于用詞有一個(gè)非常具體的評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，demonstrates control of language, including diction and syntactic variety，即通過用詞用句的變化性有效地體現(xiàn)行文語言的多樣性。而許多中國考生被扣分，正是因?yàn)橛迷~過于單調(diào)重復(fù)和口語化。下面給大家舉5個(gè)最常見的不地道且常被濫用的LOW詞：
a. Really
Example：The swimmer really performed admirably.
“Really”表示“真的”，有強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。但很多時(shí)候“really”并沒有告訴讀者或聽者任何重要、有用的信息，缺乏說服力。如果你想要表達(dá)一個(gè)事實(shí)，不妨嘗試去掉“really”，反倒更讓信服。比如：The swimmer performed admirably.
b. Things/ Stuff
Example: “The article said a lot of things and stuff.”
Things和Stuff這兩個(gè)詞匯十分模糊，作者自己可以清楚地了解Things和Stuff代表的含義，但讀者顯然不能。Things和Stuff到底指什么?為什么會(huì)有Things和Stuff?我如何獲得這些Things和Stuff?這都是讀者會(huì)產(chǎn)生的問題。所以與其圖一時(shí)省事，不如清晰地描述出你的想法，這樣你的寫出的句子才會(huì)有力量。例如：The aricle discussed the principles of interactive design.
c. I believe/I feel/I think
Example: “I believe the author has a great point here…”
很多人認(rèn)為在觀點(diǎn)前加上“I believe/I feel/I think”可以表明立場，避免邏輯漏洞，也更容易讓人接受自己的想法。但如果對(duì)方本身對(duì)你的認(rèn)可度不高，你的“I believe/I feel/I think”反而會(huì)引起對(duì)方的抵抗情緒。過度小心翼翼會(huì)讓你顯得沒有自信，不夠真誠。你完全可以說：“The researcher has a great point here.”
d. Was/Is/Are/Am
Example: “Theletter was mailed by Sally.”
使用Was/Is/Are/Am和不使用的區(qū)別在于被動(dòng)和主動(dòng)的區(qū)別。在這個(gè)例句中，Was/Is/Are/Am讓句式變成更為復(fù)雜的被動(dòng)，而在地道的英語思維中，應(yīng)該盡可能少地使用被動(dòng)語態(tài);另一方面，當(dāng)你使用被動(dòng)句，句子的主旨也會(huì)隨之改變，從Sally變成了letter。英文寫作要做到簡潔有力，“Sally mailed the letter.”顯然比“The letter was mailed by Sally.”表達(dá)的更清晰。
e. Very
Example：Scientistsare very interested in finding out more about the duck-billed platypus“Substitute ‘damn’ every time you’re inclined to write‘very’; your editor will delete it and the writing will be just as it shouldbe.” — Mark Twain
very是最常被大家使用的一個(gè)單詞，但也是最蒼白的一個(gè)單詞。一句“very good”遠(yuǎn)不如“wonderful”來得生動(dòng)。要記住，讀者的時(shí)間非常寶貴，你的語言一定要精簡。
綜上所述，考生想要在GRE作文部分有所表現(xiàn)，那么對(duì)于導(dǎo)致作文扣分的主要原因，就必須做到心里有數(shù)。如果大家的寫作得分長期得不到提升，那么就該放下筆來暫停練習(xí)，先找找原因再說了。
GRE寫作滿分范文1
Six?months?ago?the?region?of?Forestville?increased?the?speed?limit?for?vehicles?traveling?on?the?region's?highways?by?ten?miles?per?hour.??Since?that?change?took?effect,?the?number?of?automobile?accidents?in?that?region?has?increased?by?15?percent.??But?the?speed?limit?in?Elmsford,?a?region?neighboring?Forestville,?remained?unchanged,?and?automobile?accidents?declined?slightly?during?the?same?six-month?period.??Therefore,?if?the?citizens?of?Forestville?want?to?reduce?the?number?of?automobile?accidents?on?the?region's?highways,?they?should?campaign?to?reduce?Forestville's?speed?limit?to?what?it?was?before?the?increase.??
The?argument?gives?statistics?of?increases?in?automobile?accidents?since?the?speed?limit?increased?six?months?ago?on?the?highways?of?Forestville.??The?argument?also?gives?a?statement?of?how?the?neighboring?region?of?Forestville,?did?not?increase?or?decrease?the?speed?limit.??It?remained?unchanged?and?automobile?accidents?declined?slightly?during?the?same?six-month?period.??The?argument?may?appeal?to?those?who?have?been?effected?by?the?increase?in?accidents,?but?it?does?not?give?an?emotional?appeal?overall.??We?are?relying?on?the?authors?statistics?but?we?don't?know?where?they?came?from?and?if?they?are?reliable.?The?argument?needs?more?examples?and?illustrations?to?get?his?point?across?to?more?people.??It?is?suggested?that?the?citizens?of?Forestville?campaign?to?reduce?Forestville's?speed?limit?to?what?it?was?before?the?increase,?but?it?is?usually?hard?to?start?a?campaign.?One?person?needs?to?take?action.??If?the?author?is?a?citizen?of?Forestville,?maybe?he?should?take?the?initiative.?Comments:?
This?seriously?flawed?critique?presents?only?one?idea?relevant?to?an?analysis?of?the?argument:?"The?argument?needs?more?examples?and?illustrations?to?get?his?point?across?to?more?people."??Everything?else?in?the?essay?is?either?summarizing?the?argument,?speculating,?or?offering?advice.??The?result?is?a?response?that?is?clearly?on?topic?but?that?provides?no?analysis?of?the?line?of?reasoning?in?the?argument.??
In?addition?to?the?lack?of?analysis,?the?writing?is?weak.??The?organization?is?loose,?although?not?illogical,?and?intended?meaning?is?sometimes?unclear?(e.g.,?"but?it?does?not?give?an?emotional?appeal?overall.").??For?these?reasons,?the?response?deserves?a?score?of?2?according?to?the?scoring?guide.
GRE寫作滿分范文2
Six?months?ago?the?region?of?Forestville?increased?the?speed?limit?for?vehicles?traveling?on?the?region's?highways?by?ten?miles?per?hour.??Since?that?change?took?effect,?the?number?of?automobile?accidents?in?that?region?has?increased?by?15?percent.??But?the?speed?limit?in?Elmsford,?a?region?neighboring?Forestville,?remained?unchanged,?and?automobile?accidents?declined?slightly?during?the?same?six-month?period.??Therefore,?if?the?citizens?of?Forestville?want?to?reduce?the?number?of?automobile?accidents?on?the?region's?highways,?they?should?campaign?to?reduce?Forestville's?speed?limit?to?what?it?was?before?the?increase.??
When?we?compare?two?things,?we?like?to?put?them?on?the?same?background.?same?condition.??
For?the?fact?given?above,?in?the?same?time,?foundmentally,?the?two?region?have?the?same?traffic?condition,?except,?the?speedlimit?is?improved?in?one,?and?the?other?keep?the?same.?So?we?can?get?the?result?that?the?reason?of?the?difference?is?that?the?improved?speed?limit.?And?also?the?change?will?give?some?other?inconvinent?to?the?people?there.?For?example,?the?people?will?not?familiar?with?the?change,?have?some?problem?in?handle?the?speed.??
So,?what?I?think?is?that?the?citizen?should?show?the?government?the?statistic?number?of?the?difference.?Argue?with?them.?Comments:?
This?response?is?fundamentally?deficient?as?a?critique?for?two?reasons:??
--?although?the?writer?has?relied?heavily?on?the?language?of?the?topic,????it?is?clear?that?the?writer?has?no?real?control?of?language,?and?--?there?is?little?or?no?evidence?of?the?writer's?ability?to?develop?an????organized?response.?
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