四點建議，英語單詞記住不再忘
英語單詞記憶作為小學(xué)英語教學(xué)中的重要環(huán)節(jié),對學(xué)生今后英語的學(xué)習(xí)具有積極的作用。四點建議，英語單詞記住不再忘有哪些的呢?本文是小編整理四點建議，英語單詞記住不再忘的資料，僅供參考。
四點建議，英語單詞記住不再忘
How can we avoid forgetting what we have learned? Now I would like to give you four suggestions. Then I'll give you a bit explanation on each of them.
Suggestions
First, we need to learn words repeatedly with increasing intervals between learning sessions. Here, the most important term “increasing” intervals, 就是說這個間隔的時間要恰當(dāng)。I will explain it later. (按照適當(dāng)?shù)臅r間間隔來溫習(xí)新學(xué)的單詞。)
The second we should have the words. We have the words we want to learn with us whenever we go. So if we want to learn these words, we should have these words with us. So we can make full use of our time learning these words. (時時刻刻，利用邊邊角角的時間去復(fù)習(xí)生詞。)
The third is set aside a regular time for vocabulary learning. (留出專門的時間用于單詞學(xué)習(xí)。)
The last one, spend more time on the words you find difficult. All these suggestions are not new to you, I guess. But you might find something new later. (對疑難詞匯進行重點攻關(guān)。)
Suggestion One
Ok. The first one. Increasing intervals. Now research in psychology shows that we do not forget things gradually. You see a psychologist did research. Most of our forgetting occurs within 20 minutes after we have first learned something. More is forgotten with one hour. Still more within 8 hours. After 8 hours, the rate of forgetting stays surprisingly steady. You see, we do not forget things gradually, bit by bit. Bit by bit. It’s not the case. So we forget more in the first 8 hours. (心理學(xué)研究者做過一個測試：我們最易遺忘的時間段是我們接觸新知識后的頭20分鐘。之后的1個小時我們又會忘記一些，然后8小時內(nèi)又忘記一些。過了8小時，我們的遺忘速度就會趨于穩(wěn)定。也就是說，遺忘是一點一點發(fā)生的，前8個小時忘得最快。)
So what should we do? What should we do? And actually, I will suggest you should do revision everyday when you first learn the new words. And then you may spend some time review the words once in a week. Then later on, once in a month. So increasing intervals, I mean you learn frequently at the very beginning. Then gradually, you can delay a little bit. The interval is longer and longer. But still you have to review them. Now this is the first suggestion. Increasing intervals. (針對這種遺忘規(guī)律，文教授提議：接觸新單詞之后，起初反復(fù)記憶，然后逐步拉長復(fù)習(xí)的時間間隔。)
Suggestion Two
The second suggestion is make full use of “dead” time. Dead. Why I use the word in the quotation marks? The “dead” time. Now when I say “dead” time, I mean those time is not useful any more. You know, when you are walking on the way, when you are in a bus, when you are, let me see, when you are lying on the bed before you sleep. All these time can’t be used for very important things. But you can make full use of “dead” time to learn some words. And you can use your vocabulary notebook, you can use your electronic dictionary, just very small, learn few words every day. Every day. Try to use this kind of time learning words, eventually your vocabulary will be expanding quickly. (利用一切可以利用的時間。行走中，公車上，睡覺前......這些相對來說不能做重要事情的時間段，你就可以分心用來背單詞。一天記幾個，積少成多，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的單詞量突飛猛進。)
You do not need whole day learning vocabulary. Don’t do in this way. And you may use just small amount of time every day. Let’s say, in the morning, 20 minutes, in the afternoon, 20 minutes, in the evening, 20 minutes. Suppose you want to spend one hour, you’d better separate it into three sessions, 20 minutes each. Suppose you want to learn vocabulary half an hour a day, maybe you’d better divide them into two sections, 15 minutes a section. Don’t put them together. (不要成天成宿地背單詞，花費大段大段的時間記單詞會降低學(xué)習(xí)效率。如果你每天計劃利用1個小時背單詞，那么就把這1個小時拆分成早、中、晚三部分，每次安排20分鐘背單詞。)
And then every day you learn a little bit. Then eventually, at the end of the week, you have spent about half an hour putting all these words together, go over them. Later I will mention, don’t go over all the words. You have to select some of them to focus your attention. Now electronic dictionary also is a good way to learn words, because there is a sort of file for you to put those difficult words, right? Just put in your pocket. You can learn them anytime you can do it. (一天記一點，周末抽出半小時有側(cè)重點地鞏固一周的學(xué)習(xí)成果?？梢岳秒娮愚o典的歸檔功能篩選出疑難詞匯，然后放在身邊隨時翻閱。)
Suggestion Three
And suggestion 3. And my suggestion is daily revision. Ten minutes a day. Weekly revision. One hour a week. Monthly revision. One hour a month. So that intervals, the first is a week, the next is a month. (除了學(xué)習(xí)新單詞，還要注意復(fù)習(xí)這些單詞。一天十分鐘，一周一小時，一個月一小時——以這種頻率不斷溫習(xí)這些單詞，必能收到良好的效果。)
Suggestion Four
And the final suggestion is to spend more time on the words you find difficult. I found some students would like to go down a list from the first to the last, trying to memorize each one. You’ve got a vocabulary list. From first to the end. From the first to the end. Every day, they follow the same pattern. (重點記憶自己認(rèn)為比較難的單詞。不要年復(fù)一年地拿著詞匯大綱從頭看到尾。)
Now there are two problems for this kind of practice. The words at the top of the list tend to be remembered better. Then the words further down. Right? Time is wasted on the words that have been learned. What can be done? I’ll give you an example. This example is given by a researcher. (不要把復(fù)習(xí)單詞的時間浪費在已經(jīng)記住的單詞上面。)
Now I give you the footnote there. Suppose you have got these new words in one text: rewarding, frustrating, junior, positive, senior, opportunity, online, technology, participate, virtual, virtual classroom. Ok. You’ve got so many words. Suppose all these words you are asked to learn. And you remember them at the end of the day. Let’s say. In the evening, you remember them. And tomorrow you go over them again. You found you forgot many of them. You only remember few of them. (舉例來說，粗體部分是你要學(xué)習(xí)的新單詞。頭天你學(xué)習(xí)完畢，第二天復(fù)習(xí)的時候你發(fā)現(xiàn)只記住了其中的幾個，卻忘記了大多數(shù)。)
So what should you do tomorrow? Should you go over them from the beginning to the end again? No. So this is the suggestion. If you, suppose you remember these words, junior, positive, senior, online, virtual, if you remember these words, put these words in another column. And then you only focus on, next day, you only focus your attention on the remaining five words. Don’t go over ten words again. Focus on five words. Ok. (那么，你不必再復(fù)習(xí)已經(jīng)掌握的部分【比如說粗體標(biāo)出的單詞】，你只需復(fù)習(xí)你沒有記住的另5個單詞。)
So you classify these words into three types. If you are familiar with them, you review them once. And then you review them once in a week. If you review them once in a week, no problem at all. You put them in a monthly column. So you review them once for a month. (你可以做一張三列的表，三列的標(biāo)題分別為：daily， weekly 和monthly。起初，所有的單詞都放在daily這列，第二天復(fù)習(xí)的時候，記住的單詞就可以挪到weekly這列，如果周復(fù)習(xí)的時候你仍然記得它們，就可以將之挪到monthly這列。)
But for those words, if you can not remember daily, you have to review them again and again. But the words become fewer and fewer. Not so many. So you can focus your attention on those things which are very difficult for you. This work makes learning more efficient. (如果放在daily欄中的單詞始終記不住，那么就讓它們始終呆在daily欄中，天天強化記憶。堅持使用這種方法，你會始終關(guān)注你最需要關(guān)注的單詞，提高效率不說，你也會發(fā)現(xiàn)daily欄中的單詞最終全部挪到monthly欄中，并永遠刻在你的腦海中，一輩子無法遺忘。)
英語單詞快速記憶的方法
全面撒網(wǎng)，重點捕魚。記憶英語單詞，一定要每次都大量地背。因為自己不比別人聰明，所以背完單詞，別人忘掉五分之一，自己決不會比別人忘得少。我們可以為自己設(shè)定目標(biāo)，比如每天記憶100個單詞，那么所需要的單詞數(shù)量最好達到500個。將每天背誦的數(shù)量定在500個，雖然你實際記住的也許只有100個，但是這100個一定是你記得最牢的。
可以嘗試背字典!為什么要背字典呢?因為字典上每個詞的解釋比較全面，而且相同字母開頭的單詞都集中在一起。不是什么字典都可以拿來背的，一定要找只包含自己想背的詞的字典。另外，最好有解釋和例句。而且，一定要有音標(biāo)!一般教材課文后面的詞匯表都是為那些認(rèn)認(rèn)真真聽課的好學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的，想走捷徑就千萬不要去背那些東西。
分類歸總法。所謂物以類聚、人以群分，單詞也有它的家族史與裙帶關(guān)系。常用的分類方法包括：同義詞與反義詞分類，種屬特性分類，類比分類等等。例如，表示“笑”的單詞通常有：chortle(開心地笑)，chuckle(輕聲地笑)，guffaw(哄堂大笑)，jeer(嘲笑)，snigger(竊笑)，simper(傻笑)等等。對這種“單詞家族”的分門別類，有利于掌握成片單詞以及其意義差別，不失為一種好的方法。
創(chuàng)意聯(lián)想法。聯(lián)想的方法有很多，一般可以從意思上、讀音上或者形象上聯(lián)想。例如，vernal(春天的)和venial(可寬恕的)，這兩個單詞長得很像，讀音也相似，惟一的區(qū)別在于前者有個“r”，后者有個“i”。根據(jù)意思，不妨可以這樣想，“r”很像一片小樹葉，自然是和春天有關(guān);而“i”像個人，是人自然會犯錯，就和“寬恕”的意義聯(lián)系了起來。這種方法有時看來“牽強附會”，但對于少數(shù)實在記不住的單詞，不妨發(fā)揮創(chuàng)意，根據(jù)自己的習(xí)慣和文化背景聯(lián)想記憶，也會使枯燥的背誦有了樂趣。
英語單詞記憶法
在學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中，英語詞匯的記憶是非常重要的。詞匯作為構(gòu)建英語知識大廈的基石，應(yīng)給予特別重視。因此，是否能夠巧妙的記憶英語詞匯成為一個人能否快捷突破英語的關(guān)鍵。然而，很多學(xué)習(xí)者在掌握一定數(shù)量詞匯后，還是不能擺脫"死記硬背"的記憶模式，結(jié)果浪費時間，耗費精力，效果也不甚良好。筆者從新的視角出發(fā)，闡述英語單詞記憶的原則與技巧，以此引導(dǎo)教育工作者加強重視，改進方法，為學(xué)子擺脫"機械記憶"的灌輸式記憶模式指津。
“概論記憶”是一種心理過程，是從"識記"到"回憶"的過程。而英語單詞的記憶又不同于其它知識系統(tǒng)的記憶。受漢語學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣的影響，加之忽視規(guī)律，缺乏意志力等因素困擾，使廣大學(xué)習(xí)者很難走出"死記硬背"的誤區(qū)。我們在改進記憶方法之前，一定要使注意力集中，目標(biāo)明確并激發(fā)記憶的興趣，為征服英語詞匯記憶做好準(zhǔn)備。
記憶方法舉例
英語單詞記憶方法眾多，最重要的是要遵循原則，找到適合自己的方法。
1、詞根詞綴記憶法
顧名思義，通過記住詞根詞綴，并據(jù)此推測含此類詞根詞綴的新詞的意思，加以強化記憶。
詞根有兩種，一種是可以引申出許多同根詞的詞根，同時它也是一個獨立的單詞，例如ease作為獨立單詞，它又是easy，easily，easiness的詞根。
另一種是不能獨立使用的詞根，但它有一個基本意義，在不同的單詞中意思大致相同。如：單詞mirror(鏡子)與 mirage(海市蜃樓)，這里的"mir"這個詞根相當(dāng)于"marvellous" "surprising"，是"奇異的，驚奇的"的意思。
2、音形義記憶法
音形義記憶法，主要是從單詞的讀音、詞形、詞義入手，遵循聯(lián)想、對比、歸納等原則進行的匯總記憶法。
3、諧趣記憶法
諧趣記憶法是根據(jù)讀音、詞形、詞義的關(guān)系，利用詼諧、荒誕的曲解來記憶詞匯。
4、感觀記憶法
感觀記憶法是把耳、口、眼、手調(diào)動起來，把聽、說、讀、寫統(tǒng)一起來，達到記憶目的的方法，這樣做的好處是溝通大腦皮層各部分之間的聯(lián)系，減少遺忘。
5、分類記憶法
分類記憶法是按主題，所屬范圍等條件對詞匯進行分門別類匯總，然后綜合記憶的方法。我們從醫(yī)療，購物外貿(mào)等方面歸類，也可以按時間、決心、態(tài)度等主題進行匯總，然后根據(jù)記憶原則記憶。
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