高考英語時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)的考點(diǎn)有哪些
高中英語最難的就是時(shí)態(tài)的問題了，別說英文情況下，就算是用漢語讀著也拗口。下面是小編分享的高考英語時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)的考點(diǎn)，一起來看看吧。
高考英語時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)的考點(diǎn)
1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要有兩種用法，即持續(xù)性用法(或叫未完成用法)和影響性用法(或叫已完成用法)。持續(xù)性用法表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去，但在過去并未完成，而是從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，此時(shí)多半會(huì)連用表示持續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語;后者指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去，且在過去已經(jīng)完成，但這個(gè)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，而說話者正好要強(qiáng)調(diào)的就是這個(gè)影響，此時(shí)一般沒有明顯的時(shí)間狀語，主要通過上下文來理解。如：
1.yearsagowedidn&r&tknowthis，butrecentscience_________thatpeoplewhodon&r&tsleepwellsoongetill.
a.showedb.hasshownc.willshowd.isshowing
【分析】答案選b。由表示對(duì)照的yearsago和recent可知，“以前不知”，但“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)證明了”，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
2、般將來時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)總是用在一些時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主句中：
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
(主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句中一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)。)
考點(diǎn)二：某些表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示將來。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
考點(diǎn)三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語用一般將來時(shí)。
Use your head and you will find a way.
考點(diǎn)四：“am (is, are) going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事。
“am (is, are) about to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示按照預(yù)定計(jì)劃或打算準(zhǔn)備著手進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
“am (is, are) to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示必須、必然或計(jì)劃將要做的事。
They are to be married in this May.
3、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或客觀事實(shí)等。如：
1.monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea，which_________thepacific，andwemetnostorms.
a.wascalledb.iscalledc.hadbeencalledd.hasbeencalled
【分析】答案選b。因?yàn)檫@是客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
注：有關(guān)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的另一個(gè)考點(diǎn)是，在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義，而不能直接用將來時(shí)態(tài)。此時(shí)要特別注意的是，命題人有可能會(huì)設(shè)置形式上與狀語從句相似且容易混淆的賓語從句作為命題切入點(diǎn)。如：
1.“what would you do if it_________tomorrow?”“we have to carry it on，since we got everything ready.”
a.rainb.rainsc.willraind.israining
【分析】答案選b。即在條件句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義。
4、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1、表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，可能剛剛停止，也可能還在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。
2、重復(fù)的動(dòng)作表示感情色彩。表示一直到說話時(shí)為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一再重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。
3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別
(1)表示動(dòng)作已完成，著重結(jié)果;現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。
(2)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞、知覺動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如：see,feel,know,love等，不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
高考英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)知識(shí)總結(jié)
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是歷年高考英語測(cè)試的重中之重，一般占1—2道題。命題思路有三：一是直接給出標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語，考生能依據(jù)所給時(shí)間狀語作出選擇;二是給出時(shí)間狀語，但所給時(shí)間狀語有著較強(qiáng)的干擾性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語作出選擇，需要結(jié)合語境判斷;三是沒有任何時(shí)間狀語，需要借助于上下文語境，才能作出正確判斷。
考生應(yīng)熟知常用時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。高考題往往不會(huì)涉及單一的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)，而是更多地側(cè)重于時(shí)態(tài)的交叉使用和呼應(yīng)及與語態(tài)的結(jié)合使用。所以解題時(shí)一定要結(jié)合語境，弄清時(shí)間的先后關(guān)系，可根據(jù)不同情況采取“找標(biāo)法”(尋找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞)、“呼應(yīng)法”(主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng))、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“語境法”等解題技巧。
一､識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞
如果題干中有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語,則往往可以根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語選擇相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)｡
[例]①M(fèi)ore than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year.
A. sent B. were sentC. had sentD. had been sent
[解析] 此題有明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞last year,提示我們應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí);句中的主語students是被送的對(duì)象,應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)｡答案為B｡
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般都有其相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語,請(qǐng)同學(xué)們熟記下列8種常用時(shí)態(tài)所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語｡
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等｡
(2)一般過去時(shí):then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等｡
(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等｡
(4)過去進(jìn)行時(shí):then, at that time, at this time yesterday等｡
(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years…, for+一段時(shí)間, since + 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間等｡
(6)過去完成時(shí):before, by the end of last month/years…等｡
(7)一般將來時(shí):tomorrow, today, next week/month…, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等｡
(8)過去將來時(shí):the following month, the next week等｡
[命題角度及對(duì)策]高考測(cè)試動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)須與句中時(shí)間狀語一致時(shí),常在題干中加入具體情景,以測(cè)試考生對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力｡敏銳捕捉時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,并結(jié)合具體的語境,選擇出正確的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),是解決此類問題的良策｡
二､主從時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng)
如果所給題干是主從復(fù)合句,可根據(jù)主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則選出正確的時(shí)態(tài)｡
命題角度及對(duì)策]近年來高考考查主從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí),常放在真實(shí)的并且符合實(shí)際的語境中進(jìn)行考查｡在根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解題時(shí),要把握好以下幾點(diǎn):
(1)在時(shí)間､條件等狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí),一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來完成時(shí)｡
(2)正確認(rèn)定主句動(dòng)詞及從句動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,并認(rèn)真體會(huì)命題者所給出的語境｡
(3)解答賓語從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)題時(shí),考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則:主句動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài);主句動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞須用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(表示客觀真理時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))｡
三､仔細(xì)體會(huì)語境
近年來高考試題對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)考查的要求越來越高,大部分試題趨向情境化､實(shí)際化｡因此,仔細(xì)體會(huì)所給語境,根據(jù)具體語境選擇合適的時(shí)態(tài)是考生需要重點(diǎn)解決的問題｡
例：—Do you think we should accept that offer?
—Yes，we should，for we______ such bad luck up till now，and time______ out.
A. have had;is running
B. had;is running
C. have;has been run
D. have had;has been run
【答案解析】 A。由時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞up till now知道，動(dòng)作是從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以第一空要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);而根據(jù)語境可知時(shí)間快要耗光了，所以第二空要用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。
—Can you tell me the timetable of the__________school bus?
—Well, the bus__________here for the __________campus at 7:00 A.m..
A.will leave B.left
C.is leaving D.leaves
【答案解析】 D?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)，“校班車的時(shí)間表”是規(guī)定好的事情，表示一般性動(dòng)作用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
高考英語時(shí)態(tài)模擬題及其答案
1. — What’s that terrible noise ?
— The neighbors _____ for a party.
A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare
2. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B. has been considering
C. has been completed D. is going to consider
3. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006.
A. has been completed B. has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed
C. will have changed D. will change
5. I _____ Ping –pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. played B. will play C. have played D. play
6. Visitors ______ not to touch the exhibits.
A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested
7. John and I _____ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _____ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen
8. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing
9. — How are the team playing ?
— They are playing well, but one of them _____ hurt.
A. got B. gets C. are D. were
10. — You haven’t said a word about my new coua, Brenda. Do you like it ?
— I’m sorry, I _____ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
11. I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written
12. My uncle ______ until he was forty –five.
A. married B. didn’t marry C. was not marrying D. would marry
13. — When will you come to see me, Dad ?
— I will go to see you when you _____ the training course.
A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish
14. — How long _____ at this job ?
— Since 1990
A. were you cmployed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
15. With the rapid growth of population, the city _____ in all directions in the past five years.
A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread
答案與解析
1、B 根據(jù)題意先排除D 項(xiàng)，因?yàn)榛卮鸱揭f明書現(xiàn)在的情況;A項(xiàng)have prepare說明已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好，C項(xiàng)prepare是目前的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，B項(xiàng)瑞在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的示完性。因此B 項(xiàng)為最佳答案。
2、B 句意：因?yàn)長(zhǎng)ucy失業(yè)了，所以她在考慮重返校園，但她現(xiàn)在還沒決定。根據(jù)題意說話者在說現(xiàn)在的情況，因此排除了A、C、D三項(xiàng)，B飛行員現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在的事，進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“考慮”這個(gè)動(dòng)作的“未完性”，所以是最佳答案。
3、C 句意：北京市說所有北京奧林區(qū)克建筑將于2006年完成。此題考查英語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)，很顯然本題應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此排除B、D根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語by2006，應(yīng)選擇將來完成時(shí)，因此選C。
4、A 題干中主句為Selecting a mobile phone …is no easy task,謂語動(dòng)詞表示了一種“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”，使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(…is no easy task);后面的狀態(tài)從句(because…)中則說明原因?yàn)?ldquo;技術(shù)更新變化迅速”，應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(technology)is changing(so rapidly).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)在此表示了一種“持續(xù)變化”的狀態(tài)，體現(xiàn)了“變化、趨勢(shì)、發(fā)展和進(jìn)展”
5、D 題干后的分句(but…)為轉(zhuǎn)折語氣，并在句中使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(I haven’t had time to play),表示自從new year以來一直沒有打過乒乓球，由此可以排除選項(xiàng)B(will play)、C(have played).由此推斷前一人句中所說狀態(tài)為“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”，則空中應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)這一時(shí)間概念。
6、D 句意為：參觀者被要求不觸摸展品。所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式。
7、D第一空為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，與一段時(shí)間狀語連用(for eight years);第二空：在一次晚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)之前就見過，上是“過去的過去”的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，幫選D。
8、C 從上下文可知，Ted已經(jīng)死了，屬于過去發(fā)生的事情， 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞kill來講，應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選C
9、A 由題中所設(shè)語境可知，一句隊(duì)員受傷應(yīng)是過去的動(dòng)作，故選A。
10、D從對(duì)話題干所設(shè)語境看，此處談?wù)摰氖沁^去所沒有發(fā)生的事(you haven’t said a word…)此對(duì)話中，Brenda 為自己沒能對(duì)朋友所穿新衣早加贊賞向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢?sooner(=at an earlier time)作為附加狀語傳達(dá)了十分重要的時(shí)間信息。
此處仍應(yīng)使用表示過去行為的簡(jiǎn)單過去時(shí)，與后面句子中的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(I certainly think…)形成對(duì)照。其余選項(xiàng)所給時(shí)態(tài)…hasn’t written us recently。
11、A 前句中recently與事句中動(dòng)詞民用的語氣為重要提示：We should have heard from her by now.=We haven,t heard from her by now此處討論最近該發(fā)生而沒發(fā)生的事，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：…hasn’t written us recently. 12、B marry是終止性動(dòng)詞，用在此not…until句型中表示“我叔叔直到四十五歲才結(jié)婚。”
13、D when從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式表將來時(shí)間。
14、B答語中的since1990是關(guān)鍵信息。
15、B 時(shí)間狀語in the past five years與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間有關(guān)。
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