法國留學(xué)讀研究生申請書2022(2)
In China these days, university graduates who have not been lucky enough to settle into their dream jobs often look to graduated studies as a way to kill the time that they cannot otherwise spend meaningfully. I am prepared to go against the social conventions by putting on hold a successful research career that promised to be even more successful. With eight years of productive and highly valued practical research behind me, I now would like to revert to a more intellectual life so that I can conduct more theoretical discourses.
Quite some of my friends have trouble understanding my decision."Why did you not take the opportunity eight years ago," they would ask, " when your alma mater offered to admit you as a graduate student without any hassle?" Indeed, I declined to become a graduate student in 1991, when Q university arguably China's best higher-learning institution, made it clear to me that I would be exempted from the normally mandatory qualifying examinations in case I wanted to do graduate studies there. To many of my friends, I should have taken advantage of that opportunity if I had really wanted to become an intellectual.
Well, I have always wanted to be an intellectual. But I thought that a good intellectual has to ground his or her theoretical discourses n comprehensive knowledge of the social reality. And that is what I have been trying to do since high school.
In 1985, I took part in the National University Entrance Examination, which are held once a year nationwide to screen the country's high school graduates for post-secondary education, and scored a total of grades that was the second best in Henan Province (with a population close to 100 million). With such an academic record, I could have chosen a more fashionable or potentially profitable major such as law or business administration. Instead I opted for biological engineering and entered into the Qinghua's Department of Biological Engineering with a total of grades in the National University Entrance Examinations better than that of any of my fellow students. In 1989, I graduated with an academic record that was, in overall terms, the second best in the crop of graduates of that year.
Upon graduation, I secured a job with the Shenzhen Social Science Academy, which serves, as the municipal government's most resourceful and most important think-tank. As you may very well know, Shenzhen borders Hong Kong, the "Pearl of the Orient." As China's first and most successful"special economic zone," it has pioneered many, if not most, of China's far-reaching economic reforms, and in the process it has grown from a village of several thousand to an ultra-modern city of several million people, all in 16 years. The Academy is charged with coming up with new policy proposals or conducting feasibility studies on various policy proposals. In either case, the Academy must analyze and predict the effect or consequences of the policy implementation, and the city's politicians would make their decisions in reference to or even reliance on the Office's research reports.
Since I was trained in Biology, I was at first assigned to do data recording and other statistical work on medical care related topics. But, within two years, I began to do research independently. Starting from the third year, I have been in charge of a group of 12 in various research projects. In 1994, I directed a major study on the municipal government's proposed reform of the city's medical care system, and, on the basis of the research results, came up with some specific suggestions in terms of what reforms should be undertaken and how they should be carried out. The study was a resounding success.
At the time, many of my colleagues, my supervisor included thought that the study was related to the reform of the medical care system in Shenzhen only. I respectfully disagreed. Shenzhen, I argued, would probably serve as an example in the medical care reform area, as it often does in many other areas. In fact, the country's top leadership opened the city up as their first"special economic zone" with the specific purpose of making it a trail-blazer in the country's reform process. I f Shenzhen was to fulfill its mission, it had to come up with policies that would be applicable to other parts of the country as well.
Having convinced my supervisor of the merits of my thinking, I designed a research plan that involved the combined use of three research methods: sample survey, case study and participatory research. The country was divided into several major parts, and for each part, a given number of representative cities were chosen, to which my investigators were sent. The subjects of the investigation included ordinary city residents, government officials, medical providers and insurance companies, who were all asked about their feelings and expectations about the medical care reform. We also took Hong Kong's medical care system into consideration, as Hong Kong, with its striking resemblance to Shenzhen in terms of its culture and values provides an obvious reference point for Shenzhen's policy deliberations.
On the basis of all the data gathered, I made the following proposals to address the problems that beset the city's medical system at the time:
Revoke the traditional system that mandated the employer's full reimbursement of all of any employee's total medical cost, replacing it with a new system in which the employer is required to pay 90 per cent and the employee 10 per cent of the cost of any ordinary medical care. In this system, the employees would be issued special magnetic medicare card that could only be used in designated hospitals.
The insurance companies would simultaneously be required to offer new types of insurance policies to cover extraordinary cost associated with grave illnesses, and it would be up to the reidents to pay the insurance premiums themselves.
The scheme, meant to rein in the excessive medical cost for employers without putting too much of a burden on employees, was first put into trial of ten of Shenzhen's large stateowned enterprises. Half a year later, it was enforced throughout the city. Soon, positive assessments of the scheme flowed in from private corporations and public institutions alike. It significantly reduced the excessive medical cost, and most of the money saved was spent on fitness and recreation programs that employees generally enjoyed. Both employers and employees thus benefited from the scheme. The scheme also had the added advantage of stabilizing the prices of medication at a reasonable level.
From 1995 on, most of the large and medium cities begun to imitate Shenzhen's medicare reforms with positive results. The scheme has thus had nationwide impact.
Public policy as a social science is a comparatively new discipline in China, and it is still weak in both theoretical frameworks and practical research methodologies. The use of sophisticated research as a basis for policy decisions is still a new phenomenon. There are not many students and scholars in this area, and even fewer can claim genuine expertise. In fact, most people tend to ignore public policy research, thinking that it does not have the kind of utility as computer science nor the kind of sophistication as philosophy. It is a state of affairs to lament about, and I consider it my mission to change it.
My work experience has taught me on where I am still inadequately prepared for the mission that I have taken on, in terms of both conceptual and practical training. I have come to a point where I feel a pressing need for more advanced education in public administration and policy research. Yet, very few of China's universities boast of public policy research programs. I am hoping that, one day in this country, policy research and implementation knowledge would no longer be confined to the trained few, and policy decisions will normally be based on rigorous research . I am quite aware that it may take the efforts of several generations for such a new discipline to take roots in a country as old and as fast-changing as China, and I would like to devote my life to helping this new discipline grow in this country.
I do not really have a whole lot of hobbies. Apart from reading books and listening to my friends relate their experiences, I enjoy traveling on my own. While I always emphasize the importance of teamwork in the office, I like traveling on my own so that it is easier for me to seek a personal connection with nature. As I savor nature's grandeur and my own seclusion in it, the natural world often endows me with new vision and fresh insights.
I have also experienced quite some failures and setbacks in my life, but I have never given up my goal before I reached it. Whenever bogged down in quagmires, I would push myself by saying, "just toughen it out, and you will be there. Tomorrow will be better if only you try a little harder."
I would really appreciated your serous deliberation over my application, as I have pondered very seriously before I made up my mind to send in this application. I am sure that, if I can be lucky enough to study under your seasoned guidance and with the necessary financial assistance, you will be training one of the best Chinese policy researchers in China of the 21st century.
For the successes I have achieved so far, I have enjoyed the kind help and support from many people. My further successes are now dependent on your support and appreciation, and I hope you will be generous in offering both after you have reviewed my application. I shall be looking forward to your early reply. Thank you.
Yours sincerely,
xuexila
法國留學(xué)讀研究生申請條件有哪些
【解答】1、法國讀研基本的申報(bào)條件
主要是兩大類的條件，一類是內(nèi)部的(自身所具備的)條件，另一類就是外部的(如經(jīng)濟(jì)、家庭狀況等這方面的)條件。以下是詳細(xì)情況：
1)內(nèi)部條件：自身所具備的條件就是學(xué)歷以及工作經(jīng)歷。一般來說，要申報(bào)去法國讀研的話，學(xué)歷至少是本科以上或者是國內(nèi)認(rèn)可的正規(guī)的至少3年學(xué)制的?？?a href='http://m.athomedrugdetox.com/biyeji/' target='_blank'>畢業(yè)生。本科以上的文憑是不用提交工作經(jīng)歷的，而3年制大專畢業(yè)的學(xué)生就要求要有工作經(jīng)歷，所以?？粕彩强梢陨陥?bào)去法國讀研的，但必須先工作一段時(shí)間滿足了學(xué)校要的工作經(jīng)歷時(shí)間才可以申報(bào)。
2)外部條件：主要是經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的條件，不管是學(xué)習(xí)也好還是做其他的事情，第一個(gè)要考慮的便是自身有沒有這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件去做這件事請，去法國讀研，公立的學(xué)校雖不需交學(xué)費(fèi)，但是一年的生活也至少是要人民幣4-5萬元/年的，私立的或者是其他類型的收學(xué)費(fèi)的學(xué)?；旧鲜侨嗣駧?5-25萬元/年的。再一個(gè)就是家庭這方面的，家里人是不是支持以及自己的身體條件是不是合格。
2、法國讀研依據(jù)具體專業(yè)的具體申報(bào)條件
1)全法語授課專業(yè)：獲得法語證書或者是在國內(nèi)至少有著500小時(shí)以上的法語課時(shí)經(jīng)歷。
2)全英語授課專業(yè)：要么有IELTS成績要么有TOEFL成績，一般來說，最基本的要求就是TOEFL在550分以上，IELTS在6.0分以上才可以申報(bào)。
3、申報(bào)要注意的事情
1)提前申報(bào)：與其他國家不同，要去法國讀研是提前一年就開始申報(bào)(注意是申報(bào)而不是做準(zhǔn)備)，因?yàn)榉▏盒τ趯徍诉@方面是非常重視的，還有可能會提出面試的請求，所以提前一年申報(bào)的話就有充裕的時(shí)間去準(zhǔn)備和應(yīng)對各方面的狀況。
2)挑選符合自己的院校和專業(yè)：法國的院校和專業(yè)種類還是非常多的，要盡量依據(jù)自己的而經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況去挑選學(xué)校不要隨大眾挑選，若是經(jīng)濟(jì)一般就應(yīng)該挑選公立的院校;再一個(gè)就是熱門的專業(yè)不一定是適合自己的專業(yè)，一個(gè)行業(yè)不管是好就業(yè)還是不好就業(yè)，都要學(xué)精才有機(jī)會去做好，不要隨波逐流只挑選熱門的。
法國留學(xué)費(fèi)用預(yù)算
1、學(xué)雜費(fèi)
目前法國的高等教育，也基本上實(shí)行的是免費(fèi)福利政策，大家入讀公立院校，只需要在每學(xué)年入學(xué)的時(shí)候，繳納300歐左右的注冊費(fèi)就足夠了，還有100歐左右的雜費(fèi)開銷。
私立院校的正式學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)費(fèi)會有比較大的差異，便宜的社科專業(yè)一學(xué)年需要4000歐左右，昂貴的醫(yī)科和商科專業(yè)一學(xué)年需要15000歐左右，雜費(fèi)的開銷需要200歐左右。
2、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)
在學(xué)生辦理入學(xué)的時(shí)候，還需要直接確認(rèn)下自己需要購買的保險(xiǎn)，基礎(chǔ)的項(xiàng)目是醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，這是學(xué)校會強(qiáng)制要求學(xué)生購買的項(xiàng)目，大家在購買之后可以享受法國的福利報(bào)銷政策。
基礎(chǔ)的醫(yī)保一學(xué)年需要100歐左右，大家還可以根據(jù)自己的需求購買額外的項(xiàng)目，如果需要意外的保險(xiǎn)和商業(yè)類保險(xiǎn)的話，需要自己提出申請，繳費(fèi)是可以一起進(jìn)行的，一學(xué)年800歐。
3、住宿費(fèi)
學(xué)校會為外國學(xué)生提供足夠的宿舍，大家可以在確認(rèn)錄取后在線上申請，也可以在辦理入學(xué)后向?qū)W校負(fù)責(zé)部門申請，都是很簡單的，大家只需要出示自己的學(xué)生資格證明即可。
在這里建議大家新生還是先去宿舍適應(yīng)，這樣過度也可以更好的了解學(xué)校的情況，最主要的是便宜而且安全，一個(gè)月只需要110-150歐之間，而租房的話，需要200-350歐/月。
4、生活費(fèi)
其他的日常開銷中，還會有吃飯、出行、購物、社交等項(xiàng)目，這些會有個(gè)人的差異，而且大家學(xué)習(xí)所在的城市不同，還會受到物價(jià)的影響，大家需要提前了解其他人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，作出相應(yīng)的應(yīng)對。
其中每個(gè)月的伙食費(fèi)會需要150-200歐;每個(gè)月初新開銷大概50歐左右;再加上手機(jī)話費(fèi)10-20歐;以及購物預(yù)算100-200歐;以及社交的支出50-150歐，加起來來也是不少的。
法國留學(xué)讀研究生申請書2022相關(guān)文章：
法國留學(xué)讀研究生申請書2022(2)
