攀巖訓練中的一些問題解析:訓練過量后該如何
我們都知道攀巖訓練很苦,時間長了,人的情緒或精神會發(fā)生一些很奇怪的事情,是訓練過量嗎?我們該怎么做才能恢復正常狀態(tài)呢?下面學習啦小編帶你了解一下吧。
攀巖訓練中的一些問題解析:訓練過量后該如何
在討論這個問題前,讓我們先看看這種情況發(fā)生的可能性吧-其實你根本就沒有訓練過量。我覺得大多有訓練過量癥狀的攀巖者所做的運動量實際上并沒有超過他們身體所能承受的極限,而是因為訓練方式的一成不變而造成的。你總是在同一個巖壁,同一類型的巖石,同一場景下做著相同的訓練嗎?如果是這樣的話,在你采取措施像多休息來治療訓練過量之前,請先嘗試做一些不同的運動。想象一下你通常的攀登路線,然后對其稍作改變在攀登。
然而,如果你確定你的運動方式正確,身體也能按你意愿而動,那可能就是你的運動量過大了。但這種情況在業(yè)余愛好者中是很少見的,如果出現(xiàn)可采取以下三種措施:
(一):查清出現(xiàn)運動過量癥狀的真正原因,像睡眠不足,飲食不善,攀巖工具單一,熱身活動效果差等等。如果你打算進行一些超負荷訓練,就要比以往更加注意上述因素。
(二):與其休息,不如對訓練負荷稍作調(diào)整,具體量可根據(jù)個體情況而決定。一旦出現(xiàn)訓練過量現(xiàn)象,有的運動員可能需要兩三天休息調(diào)整,有的則只需要在一兩天內(nèi)減少運動量而已。
不過請記住停下來休息只是做到一半-不要忘了減輕身體和心理上的壓力,放松自己,好好吃,好好休息,換個環(huán)境,給你身體恢復的機會。
(三)細水長流,慢登高峰。如果你已經(jīng)不間斷刻苦訓練很多周了,即使你清楚自己身體很健康,只是有點疲憊罷了,但或許你的身體會發(fā)出信號告訴你如果繼續(xù)這種強度的話,身體就會出現(xiàn)問題。記住。一定要按以下的做:接下來幾周減少訓練量,給自己比平時更多的時間休息,更多的去練習技巧,各種各樣的攀巖技巧,而不是一味的體能訓練,這樣才能出成績。有時候,攀巖者犯得最大錯誤就是休息不足。你可能感覺運動量一下降辛辛苦苦訓練來的東西就會喪失,但只要你的攀巖是規(guī)范的,能發(fā)生的只是你身體從低迷的狀態(tài)中恢復過來,而且較之前更強大。時間會給你完成計劃的機會,但偶爾的暫時忘記訓練,把它當成終生的項目。
Is Climbing The Best Training For Climbing?
攀爬就是最佳的攀巖訓練方法嗎?
It‘s an old adage that “climbing is the best training for climbing,” and many climbers lean on this line as an excuse for not engaging in any training activities outside of climbing itself. Let’s examine this precept and determine, once and for all, if it is valid.
有句流行的說法“攀爬就是最好的攀巖訓練”許多攀巖者依著這個籍口不去做任何攀巖之外的訓練活動。讓我們檢查鑒定一下是否是肯定的,如果這是有效的話。
When I am asked the question “Is climbing the best training for climbing”, my canned answer is--“it depends.” This is because the best type of training for a given climber depends on his or her current strengths and weaknesses as well as current absolute climbing ability. For instance, in terms of improving climbing technique and mental skills, no amount of strength training will produce direct improvements in these areas. However, for developing sport-specific strength (i.e. conditioning to improve grip strength, lock-off ability, and endurance of upper body strength), simply “climbing for training” will produce limited results and only slow (or no) improvement from year to year. Sound familiar?
當我被問道“攀爬是最好的攀巖訓練嗎?”我都會這樣回答“看情況”。這是因為對特定的攀巖者最好的訓練類型是依據(jù)他或她目前的優(yōu)勢與短處以及目前的絕對攀爬能力。舉個例子,談到關(guān)于改進攀巖技巧與心理技巧,力量訓練不會在這些領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生直接的改進。然而,對發(fā)展特定運動力量(例如訓練提高抓握力量,鎖定力和上身耐力)簡單地“攀爬作為訓練”是只能產(chǎn)生很有限的作用,或一年年地緩慢進展。這些話,是不是似曾聽說?
One reason that climbing is not the best method of strength training is because the ultimate goals of “training” versus “climbing” are very different. For instance, the goal in climbing is to avoid muscular failure at all costs and, hopefully, reach the top of a boulder problem or climb before the arm and forearm muscles pump out. CONVERSEly, when training for climbing it is often best to exercise at the highest possible intensity and produce muscular failure in a few minutes, if not a few seconds. Summarizing--in climbing, you strive to avoid failure; in training, you tend to pursue failure.
說攀爬不是最佳的力量訓練方法,原因之一是因為“訓練”對比“攀巖”的最終目標是非常不一樣的。舉例說吧,攀爬的目的是想方設(shè)法避免肌肉力竭,在手臂和前臂肌肉力竭前有希望到達頂點。相反地,為攀巖的訓練通常是在幾秒或幾分鐘內(nèi)做最高的可能達到的強度產(chǎn)生肌肉力竭會是最好的練習。總結(jié)來說,在攀巖,你是努力避免失敗;而在訓練,你是趨向產(chǎn)生失敗。
Another example that underscores the difference between climbing and training for climbing is the way in which you grip the rock. In climbing, the rock dictates a random use of many different grip positions and, at times, you may even deliberately vary the way you grip the rock. As a result, it‘s unlikely that any single grip position will ever get worked maximally and, therefore, the individual grip positions (e.g. crimp, open hand, pinch, etc.) are slow to increase strength. This should help you understand why a full season of climbing may indeed improve your anaerobic endurance (i.e. endurance of strength), but do little to increase you absolute maximum grip strength. Therefore, varying grip positions is a great strategy for maximizing endurance when climbing for performance, but it stinks for training maximum grip strength. Effective finger strength training demands you target a specific grip position and work it until failure (See HIT Workouts ).
另外一個能揭示攀巖和訓練有所區(qū)別的例子在于你抓握巖石的方式。在攀巖中,巖石意味著在一些不同的抓握姿勢中的一個隨機的使用,有時候,你可能甚至故意變化你抓握巖石的方式。結(jié)果是,任何單一的抓握姿勢不大可能達到最大效力,因此,某個抓握姿勢(例如,crimp,open hand,pinch等)只是緩慢增加力量。這會幫助你理解為什么一個全年攀巖者可能確實需要增加你的無氧耐力(例如力量的持久力),但較少去增加你的絕對最大抓握力量。因此,改變不同的抓握姿勢達到最大化耐力在為了成績攀巖的時候是一個很好的策略,但對于訓練最大的抓握力會是一個差的主意。有效率的手指力量訓練需要你確定一個明確的抓握姿勢位為目標,去做直到力竭。(見HIT Workouts )
As a final note, it may be best for some climbers to engage in physical conditioning that is not sport-specific in nature. For example, an overweight individual would be better off spending their non-climbing training time performing aerobic exercise (and, of course, improve their dietary surveillance) rather than sport-specific climbing exercises. Likewise, some “way out-of-shape” individual (i.e. unable to do even a few pull-ups, push-ups, abdominal crunches, etc.) would be better off engaging in a period of standard circuit training to improve general conditioning.
最后一點,對一些攀巖者來說,進行不是運動專項的自然的體能訓練可能是最好的。例如,一個體重超重的人花在非攀巖訓練上的有氧運動(當然,也要改善他們的飲食控制)會比運動專項的攀巖練習要好。同樣的,一些“沒有體型”的個人(例如,甚至不能做幾個引體,俯臥撐,仰臥起坐等)進行一段時期的為改善整體身體狀況的標準訓練循環(huán)會好起來的。
In the final analysis, if you are serious about climbing performance you must not be satisfied simply “climbing for training”, nor can you mindless adhere to old adages or train in the flawed ways as most other climbers do. Becoming the best (and strongest) climber possible demands that you become a knowledgeable self-coach and thoughtful practitioner of “training for climbing.”
最后分析,如果你很在在意攀巖的表現(xiàn)成績,你千萬不要滿足簡單的“攀巖就是訓練”,你也不能不加思考地追隨老的信條或和其他大多數(shù)攀巖者一樣在一種有缺陷的方式下進行訓練。要成為一個最佳(和最強的)的攀巖者可能要求你要成為一個有知識的自我教練和充分思考的“攀巖訓練”的從業(yè)者。
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