高三英語理科知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
古今中外,凡成就事業(yè),對(duì)人類有作為的無一不是腳踏實(shí)地艱苦攀登的結(jié)果。. 勤能補(bǔ)拙是良訓(xùn),一分辛勞一分才。好學(xué)而不勤問非真好學(xué)者。以下是小編給大家整理的高三英語理科知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),希望能幫助到你!
高三英語理科知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)1
疑問代詞概說
"疑問代詞有who(誰,主格),whom(誰,賓格),whose(誰的,所有格),what(什么)和which(哪個(gè),哪些)等。
疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中
疑問代詞一般都放在句首,并在句中作為某一句子成分。如:
Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天誰來跟我們講話?(who作主語)
Who told you so?是誰告訴你的?(who作主語)
Whom are you talking about ?你們?cè)谡f誰?(whom作賓語,但在句首時(shí)口語常用who代替whom)
Whose umbrella is this ?這是誰的傘?(whose作定語)
What is that? 那是什么?(what作表語)
What did he say?他說什么?(what作賓語)
Which is yours,the blue pen or the redone?藍(lán)筆和紅筆哪一支是你的?(which作主語)
[注一]關(guān)于疑問代詞的各種用法,可參看77.70-77.72。
[注二]疑問代詞who,what,which等后面加單詞ever,可強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣,表達(dá)說話人的各種感情。如:
What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?
Who ever is she looking for ?她究竟是在找誰?
[注三]which表示在一定范圍之內(nèi)的選擇,what則沒有這種限制。如:
What do you usually have for lunch?你們午飯通常吃些什么?
Which do you like best?你最喜歡哪一個(gè)?
Which of you comrades come from the Northeast? 你們同志們中間誰是東北人?
疑問代詞可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)間接疑問句
間接疑問句在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語等。疑問代詞本身在間接疑問句中又擔(dān)任一定的句子成分。如:
Who will be in charge of the work is still not decided.誰將負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工作,現(xiàn)在還沒有決定。(疑問代詞who引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句,它本身又在從句中用作主語。)
Do you know what his name is?你知道他叫什么名字嗎?(疑問代詞what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句,而它本身又在從句中用作表語。)
[注一] what所引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(即主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句) 有時(shí)不是間接疑問句。如:
What he says is quite true.他所講的話很對(duì)。(what相當(dāng)于that which。它引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句,這個(gè)從句不是間接疑問句。)
Children do what the nurse tells them to do.保育員讓孩子干什么他們就做什么。(what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句,這個(gè)從句也不是間接疑問句。)
[注二] whatever,whoever,whichever等詞可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。這些名詞性從句也不是間接疑問句。whatever,whoever,whichever也可引導(dǎo)表示讓步的狀語從句。見15.65和15.72)如:
They eat whatever they can find.他們找到什么就吃什么。(whatever引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句,并在從句中作賓語。)
I've got plenty of books 1eft.Whoever wants an extra copy can get one from me.我還剩下許多書,誰還想再要一本可來拿。(whoever引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句,并在從句中作主語。)
高三英語理科知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)2
虛擬條件句
條件狀語從句是非真實(shí)情況,在這種情況下要用虛擬語氣。
l-條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致,句型為:If+主語十過去時(shí),tiag+should (could,would,或might)+動(dòng)詞原形,例如:If l were you,1 would study hard.
2.條件從句與過去事實(shí)不一致,句型為:If+主語+had+過去分詞,主語+should(could, would,或might)+have+過去分詞,例如:If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term
3.條件從句與將來事實(shí)不一致,句型為:lf+主語+should/were to+do,主語+should( could.)+原形do,例如:If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes.
注意:
1.If條件句中絕對(duì)不可出現(xiàn)“would”。
2-根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語,有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況,即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況,條件句也許是發(fā)生在過去的情況,但都遵守上述句型。
3.在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were,had,should可省去if'
將這些詞提前置于句首構(gòu)成倒裝,例如:w。re I to go tothe moon one clay,1 would see it with my own eyes.如果有一天我登上月球,我就可以親眼目睹它的樣子了。
高三英語理科知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)3
一 全部倒裝
全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有:
1. here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如:
1) There goes the bell. 鈴聲漸漸消失了。
2) Then came the chairman. 然后主席就來了
3) Here is your letter. 這是你的信。
2. 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首,謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。例如:
1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轟炸機(jī)下面發(fā)出了一顆導(dǎo)彈。
2) Ahead sat an old woman.
注意:上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如:
1) Here he comes. 他來了。
2) Away they went. 他們走了。二 部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did,并將其置于主語之前。
1. 句首為否定或半否定的詞語,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如:
1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我從來沒看過這樣的表演。
2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪兒都不會(huì)找到這個(gè)問題的答案。
3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間。
注意:當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。
注意: 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如:
1) I have never seen such a performance.我從來沒看過這樣的表演。
2) The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間。
2. 帶有否定意義的詞放在句首,語序需要部分倒裝。常見的詞語有: not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如:
1) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他不僅拒收了禮品,還狠狠批評(píng)了送禮的人。
2) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛要出門時(shí)有個(gè)學(xué)生來找她。
3) No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她剛要走時(shí)一個(gè)學(xué)生來看她。
注意:只有當(dāng)Not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí),才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語,不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜歡音樂。
3. 表示"也"、"也不" 的so, neither, nor放在句首時(shí),句子作部分倒裝。例如:
1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack. Tom能說法語,我也能。
2) If you won't go, neither will I. 如果你不去,我也不去。
注意: 當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí),不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"。例如:
1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom讓我去踢足球,我去了。
2) ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. ---雨下得很大?!?--的確很大。
4. only放在句首,強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(副詞,介詞短語或狀語從句等),全句語序要部分倒裝。例如:
Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用這種方法才能學(xué)好英語。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被請(qǐng)了三次才來開會(huì)。
注意:如果句子為主從復(fù)合句,則主句倒裝,從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常嚴(yán)重時(shí)才會(huì)臥床休息。
三 as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 (形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前)。此時(shí)應(yīng)注意:1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞;2) 句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語和狀語,隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語之前。例如:
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 盡管他愿意努力工作,但是他好像從來都不能令他的工作満意。
注意: 讓步狀語從句中,有though,although時(shí),后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用。四 其他部分倒裝
1. so… that 句型中的so 位于句首時(shí),需倒裝。例如:
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得動(dòng)都不敢動(dòng)。
2. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中,例如:
May you all be happy. 望大家開心愉快。
3. 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動(dòng)詞有were, had, should等詞,可將if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主語之前,采取部分倒裝。例如:
Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你,我就再試一次。
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