中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)技巧
掌握中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，中考英語(yǔ)成績(jī)是差不到哪里去的。小編在此獻(xiàn)上英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法使用技巧，希望對(duì)你有所幫助。
省略
I.要點(diǎn)
有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練緊湊，在不損害結(jié)構(gòu)或引起誤解的原則下，往往省去一個(gè)或多個(gè)句子成分或詞語(yǔ)。
1、 固定習(xí)慣用詞。如：
No smoking! Thanks s lot!等。
2. 簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略
(1) 口語(yǔ)中，一、二、三人稱(chēng)的主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)還包括謂語(yǔ)都可以省略。如：(It is)Nice to see you!
(This is) Li Ming speaking.
(2) 所有格后的名詞如為住宅、商店、工礦、教堂等可以省略。如：
I'm going to visit Tom's (house).
I met him at the tailor's (shop).
(3) 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞不定式并列在一起時(shí)，第一個(gè)不定式帶to，后面的不定式可省to.如: His job is to clean and mend the machine.
(4) 主(賓)語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中的to be常省略。He was considered (to be) the best student in the class.
(5) There be結(jié)構(gòu)中 there be可同時(shí)省略，或只省略there.如：(Is there) Anything wrong?
(6) 表示年齡的years old, 表示鐘點(diǎn)的o'clock, minute等常省略。如：What time is it now? It's ten (o'clock).
3從句中的省略
(1) 賓語(yǔ)從句，以which, when, where, how和why引起的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)與主句謂語(yǔ)如相同，可省略從句中全部謂語(yǔ)，甚至主語(yǔ)也可省略，僅保留wh-一詞。如：
He will come, but we don't know when (he will come).
He didn't come, I wondered why (he didn't come).
(2) 定語(yǔ)從句中可省略作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞，如：
The man (whom) I saw in the street the other day is my teacher.
(3) 狀語(yǔ)從句，在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方式、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，或從句主語(yǔ)是it，則be動(dòng)詞及其主語(yǔ)常可省略。如：
I'll tell him that when (it is) possible.
I won't go there unless (I'm) invited.
II.例題
例1 A beam of light will not bend(彎曲)round corners unless____ to do so with the help of a reflecting device(反射裝置)。
A made B being made C having made D to be made
解析：該題正確答案為A。 unless后省略了it is. make sb (sth) do sth變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則為sth/ sb be made to do.
例2 While ____my homework, I heard a cry for help.
A do B did C doing D having done
解析：該題答案為C。該空處省略了I'm,相當(dāng)于while I'm doing my home work.如：While playing guitar, he is singing.
it 與there be的用法
要點(diǎn)
1、it的用法
(1)用作人稱(chēng)代詞，代替前文提到的無(wú)生命的事物，動(dòng)植物、嬰兒及指示代詞this, that，如，
I have a new pen. It is beautiful.
The Browns have a new baby. It's cute.
(2)用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、天氣、距離等，如，It's twelve o'clock now.
It's fine today.
(3)用作引導(dǎo)詞，代替由不定式，ing形式或從句表示的真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，如，
It's no good telling him that.
It's necessary for you to do so.
(4)用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who/whom +句子其余部分，可強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)以外的句子其他成分，如，
It was this morning that I saw him in the street.
It was I who saw him in the street this morning.
It was in the street that I saw him this morning.
It was him whom I saw in the street this morning.
2、there be句型
英語(yǔ)表示某時(shí)某處或某物時(shí)，常用there be句型，這是一種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，如，
There are a lot of students playing on the ground.
There is going to be a test this afternoon.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上時(shí)，動(dòng)詞be常和最近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)取得一致，如，
There is a pen and three pencils in the pencil-box.
There isn't a desk, a bench and three chairs in the room.
There are lots of people like it, aren't there?
there be句型，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除be之外，還可用其他表示存在，位置移動(dòng)等意義的不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組，如exist, stand, lie, enter, come, happen to be, appear to be等，如，
There stands a house at the foot of the hill.
there be句型表示"存在"而have表"有"、"擁有"，所以there be中 be不能換成have，但當(dāng)have表示事物的特征時(shí)，可用"主語(yǔ)+have"結(jié)構(gòu)替換there be 句型，如：
There are five doors in the house.
The house has five doors.
there be 的其它句型：
1、There must be a meeting in the office.
2、There have been great changes since 1979.
3、There being no bus, we had to walk home.
I. 例題
例1 ____ that he went to sleep.
A It was until midnight B That was until midnight
C It was not until midnight D That was not until midnight
解析：該題答案為C。強(qiáng)調(diào)until結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要將否定詞not移到until前。又如：He didn't leave until twelve 改為It was not until twelve that he left.
例2 There are a lot of students ____ in the class room.
A talk B talking C talked D to talk
解析：該題正確答案為B。 There be句型為倒裝句，可換為A lot of students are talking in the class room. 又如：There is a lot of noise heard out in the street.
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