英語閱讀詳解與答題步驟
閱讀與表達是近兩年中考英語中出現(xiàn)的新題型，要求學生閱讀短文并回答問題。接下來，小編給大家準備了英語閱讀詳解與答題步驟,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
英語閱讀詳解與答題步驟
閱讀與表達
一、題型簡介
閱讀與表達是近兩年中考英語中出現(xiàn)的新題型，要求學生閱讀短文并回答問題。短文通常有3%的生詞量，單詞量在250~300左右。本題有5道小題，共10分。此題難度較大，它不僅考查了學生的閱讀能力還考查了學生的書面表達能力。
二、考查要點
掌握所讀短文的主旨和大意
了解闡述主旨的事實和細節(jié)
了解詞義和句義深層含義
根據(jù)所讀短文進行判斷和推論
根據(jù)所讀短文概括文章大意
三、歷史回顧
2004年和2005年兩年的中考題中，各種疑問句的比例沒有變化，特殊疑問句的比例最大占60%，其次是一般疑問句和選擇疑問句，各占20%，反意疑問句沒有考?；卮鹨话阋蓡柧鋾r用YES或NO，回答選擇疑問句，一般從選項中選一項，或用Both/Neither回答的較少?；卮鹛厥庖蓡柧湟炊畣柺裁矗P(guān)鍵是看清疑問詞。
四、未來預(yù)測
1 命題難度將有所上升，突出能力考查與選拔功能，閱讀理解難度略有提高，這主要表現(xiàn)在命題從不同角度，不同思維方式出發(fā)，除了考查學生準確獲得信息的能力外更多的是測試學生綜合運用英語的能力。
2 閱讀的題材與體裁也多樣化，篇幅會有所加長，材料也會更趨現(xiàn)代化，生活化，知識化，以突出實用性和時代性。
3 在命題上會加大對考生理解、概括、推理和判斷等深層次能力的考查。
4 問題的樣式也將更多樣化，更全面。
五、 提問類型
1.由一般疑問句引出的判斷題
Example1:Did Frank1 know how to get people to buy his goods quickly?
Key：Yes. / Yes, he did.
(原文) Woolworth(Frank) realized he had a skill for displaying goods to attract people’s interest, but he soon learned2 something more important. One day his manager told him to sell some odds3 and ends for as much as he could get. Frank put all these things on one table with a sign which said: Five Cents Each. People fought and pushed to buy the things and the table was soon empty.
Example2: Is Jason’s human-powered machine a bicycle?
Key: Yes. / Yes, it is.
(原文) Jason Queally is one of the fastest men in the world on bicycle. But do you really call the thing in the picture a bicycle? Well, yes. Jason’s human-powered (人力的) machine, with its two wheels, is, of course, a bicycle.
Example3: Is pleasure reading important for learning4 English?
Key: Yes. / Yes, it is.
(原文) Reading for pleasure is the easiest way to become a better reader in English. It is also the most important way.
Example4: Do you learn all the things you need to know at school?
Key: No. / No, we don’t.
(原文) There are many things we need to know. But we don’t learn them at school.
2.用一句話概括文章大意，提問形式有以下幾種類型：
uWhat did the story tell us?
uWhat does the writer want us to do by writing the passage?
uWhat’s the main idea of the passage?
3.由特殊疑問詞Who(人物)、Where(地點)、When(時間)、What(事件)、Why(原因)、How(方式)引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句來提問文章的細節(jié)。
Example1: Where were they traveling?
Key: They were traveling through (in) the desert.
(原文)A story tells that two friends were walking through the desert.
Example2: How did he feel when his friend slapped5 him in the face?
Key: He felt hurt / angry / unhappy / sad.
(原文) In the journey they had an argument, and one friend slapped the other one in the face. The one who got slapped was hurt, but without saying anything, wrote in the sand:
“TODAY MY BEST FRIEND SLAPPED ME IN THE FACE.”
Example3: What did his friend do when he was in trouble?
Key: His friend helped him (out) / saved his life (him).
(原文) They kept on walking until they found an oasis6, where they decided7 to take a bath. The one who had been slapped got stuck in mud8 and asked for help, his friend helped him out. After that, he wrote on a stone:
“TODAY MY BEST FRIEND SED MY LIFE.”
Example4: What should we compare when we use money wisely?
Key: We should compare the prices and quality of the things in different shop.
(原文)There are many things we need to know. But we do not learn them at school. For example, if we want to use our money wisely, we need to shop carefully. We need to know how to compare (比較) the prices of things in different shops.
We also need to compare the quality (質(zhì)量) of different brands.
Example5: How many small choices are mentioned in the fifth paragraph9?
Key: Three.
(原文)Some of these choices are small. For example, will I take an apple or a pear for lunch? Will I take the bus to school today or will I walk there? Will I wear the red T-shirt or the blue one to the movies? Other choices are more important. For example, will I eat healthy food for lunch or will I eat unhealthy food because it is more delicious? Will I work hard in all my classes or will I only work hard in the classes I enjoy? We make choices like this every day.
六、答題步驟
1.瀏覽全文,捕捉信息。
通過瀏覽全文，掌握其大意，了解作者的觀點和寫作意圖。
2.細讀問題,分析信息。
通過瀏覽全文后，已對文章或段落大意有所了解，再讀考題，對要捕捉的信息進行分析、推理，這樣便可先解答與主題思想有關(guān)的問題。
3.復(fù)讀全文,抓住細節(jié)。
帶著問題去復(fù)讀，可縮小復(fù)讀范圍，更便于捕捉關(guān)鍵的信息。復(fù)讀時可邊讀邊用鉛筆做標記，把有關(guān)的人物、事件、時間、地點、起因(即 5W:who,what,where,when,why)劃出來。經(jīng)過這樣的處理，對文章的內(nèi)容和細節(jié)便更清楚了。另外，再復(fù)讀全文時，還應(yīng)特別注意首段或每一自然段的首句和結(jié)尾句。因為在首句和首段，作者往往要說明事件的起因，闡述自己的觀點或事件發(fā)生的時間，地點與人物的關(guān)系。結(jié)尾句、段是事件的結(jié)論或作者表達的態(tài)度、意圖、目的等。
4.回答問題,言簡意賅 。
回答問題時，最好不要照抄原文，會自己概括總結(jié)，簡單明了。
5.再讀全文,核對答題。
這是最后一步，也是重要的一步，不能忽視。這一步驟要用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各考題，把在閱讀和答題時所得到的信息歸納整理一遍之后，再讀一遍短文檢查答案，看是否前后一致，意義和語言知識是否和原文相符，是否符合邏輯等。發(fā)現(xiàn)前后矛盾、遺漏要點等錯誤，要立即改正。
七、 溫馨提示
1 先看懂問題，明白問題的關(guān)鍵所在。
2 帶著問題看文章，找到問題所在的段落或重要的句子
3 把問題和找到的段落和句子有機的整合在一起，這就是表達的過程。
4 避免照抄整個的原句，要簡答。
5 注意人稱、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。
舉例說明：若問題是考查對短文細節(jié)的理解，這就需要抓住關(guān)鍵詞回答問題，如04年中考題中閱讀與簡答的12小題 Which is the easier way to become a better reader, pleasure reading or studying ?考生要通過仔細閱讀，抓住第一段中第一句Reading for pleasure is the easiest way to become a better reader in English. 中最關(guān)鍵的the easiest way 就可得出答案，Pleasure reading is .
若是考查對短文實質(zhì)性的理解，則需以原文為基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)其提供的信息 ，運用多種方法進行分析推理，從而得出結(jié)論。如04年中考題中閱讀與簡答的14小題How can we become better readers ?從文章中第一段可明顯得出結(jié)論，Reading for pleasure不僅是最容易也是最重要的方法使成為一名較好的閱讀者，而且下面的四段都在論證這個論點，所以可推理得出答案是Doing pleasure reading .
擴展：初中英語復(fù)習方法點滴
以初中英語為例，介紹幾個行之有效的復(fù)習方法。
一、快讀查疑。首先瀏覽課本，遇到較為生疏的、已被遺忘的詞語，集中抄在一個本上，以便隨時復(fù)習，重點記憶。
二、以點帶面。以一個單詞或語言點為中心，向四周輻射，找出與之相關(guān)的詞語和用法。比如，學習一個名詞，應(yīng)知道它是可數(shù)的還是不可數(shù)的;如果是可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式怎樣變化;是不可數(shù)名詞，又應(yīng)怎樣使用;它有沒有動詞形式或形容詞形式。再如一個動詞，其第三人稱單數(shù)形式、現(xiàn)在分詞形式是怎樣變化的?應(yīng)如何使用?有沒有固定用法?運用這個方法，可以得到舉一反三、事半功倍的良好效果。
三、歸納比較。將同類的知識點歸納在一起，比較其相同點和不同點。比如，表示“帶、拿”的幾個詞：take, bring1, get, carry2, 應(yīng)如何區(qū)別運用?in, on, at怎樣表達不同的時間?一定要掌握它們的細微差別，并能熟練運用。
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