托福獨(dú)立寫作的常見題材
托福獨(dú)立寫作題材有很多種，今天小編主要和大家介紹托福寫作說(shuō)明文一類的題材寫作。小編主要從簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明文、對(duì)比對(duì)照說(shuō)明文以及立論文三個(gè)題材方面和大家介紹托福獨(dú)立寫作的常見題材。
托福獨(dú)立寫作的常見題材
一、托福獨(dú)立寫作題目類型：含有絕對(duì)詞類
1、含有絕對(duì)詞類題目特點(diǎn)：
絕對(duì)詞顧名思義，題目中所給出的statement比較的絕對(duì)，極端。所以比較級(jí)類型的題目都是有懈可擊的，我們采取Disagree的態(tài)度就比較好寫，也比較嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。絕對(duì)詞中第一類是最高級(jí)，也就是說(shuō)事物A是最好的。這里面其實(shí)隱含了B，C，D等等。比如說(shuō)提高教育質(zhì)量最好的方法是給教師加薪。這里面A就是給教師加薪，而BCD則可能是指改善教育設(shè)施，引進(jìn)教學(xué)方法，教師培訓(xùn)，家長(zhǎng)等方面。
2、比較好的行文思路有以下幾種：
a.讓步段承認(rèn)給教師加薪確實(shí)很不錯(cuò);轉(zhuǎn)折段說(shuō)明改善教育設(shè)施也好;遞進(jìn)再說(shuō)明給教師提供專業(yè)培訓(xùn)也一樣的好(可寫可不寫);b.讓步段承認(rèn)給教師加薪確實(shí)很不錯(cuò);轉(zhuǎn)折段說(shuō)明給教師加薪可能存在的負(fù)面影響(也就是A的不好);遞進(jìn)說(shuō)明還有其他非常不錯(cuò)的方法;c.開頭段直接說(shuō)明給教師加薪確實(shí)不錯(cuò)，但也有其他好的方法;主題段落選擇兩到三種其他同樣有效的措施。以上三種方法得出的結(jié)論都是證明A(給教師加薪不是最好的)。其中，第二種方法強(qiáng)烈推薦，但是可能寫作起來(lái)難度稍大。
二、托福獨(dú)立寫作題目類型：比較級(jí)類
1、比較級(jí)類題目特點(diǎn)：
比較級(jí)的對(duì)象只有兩個(gè)，A大于B，所以寫起來(lái)比最高級(jí)稍微難，因?yàn)槲覀兊恼撟C對(duì)象少了，文章的篇幅自然不容易寫長(zhǎng)，也是托?？荚囍凶畛？嫉囊活愵}型。但是比較級(jí)的解題技巧一樣微妙。
2、寫作思路：
這類題目我們可以采用Agree或者Disagree的態(tài)度。如果是Agree的話，我們就要著重寫A相對(duì)于B的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，每個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)作為段落主題句進(jìn)行論證就OK。如果是Disagree的話，寫作方法就多了。我們可以讓步承認(rèn)A好，轉(zhuǎn)折說(shuō)明B也好，最后得出的結(jié)論是AB同樣的好，推翻命題;還可以說(shuō)B相對(duì)于A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，再對(duì)每個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行展開論證;還有一種不太常見的寫法就是題目中說(shuō)A比B好，但是你認(rèn)為A和B都不好。這個(gè)時(shí)候你可以先承認(rèn)B不好，然后再轉(zhuǎn)折說(shuō)明A也不好。曾經(jīng)考過(guò)這樣一道題：It
is easier to become successful than in the
past.是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在比過(guò)去容易獲得成功。但其實(shí)成功在任何時(shí)候都不容易獲得，所以我們要先讓步承認(rèn)過(guò)去獲得成功很難，還要轉(zhuǎn)折說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在獲得成功同樣的難。
三、托福獨(dú)立寫作題目類型：隱藏類
1、隱藏類題目特點(diǎn)：
隱藏類出題較少，但是難度還是比較大的。所謂的隱藏就是指題目中講某些名詞前面的限定詞省略了。比如說(shuō)：People should
pay to use public
transport.像這樣一道題目，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)里面沒(méi)有明顯的絕對(duì)詞或者比較級(jí)的特征，但其實(shí)它里面暗藏玄機(jī)。
2、寫作思路：
我們可以這樣理解這道題目：(All) people should pay to use public
transport.也就是說(shuō)所有人在使用公共交通工具的時(shí)候應(yīng)當(dāng)付錢。這與現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是不符合的吧?我們考慮現(xiàn)實(shí)情況中老年人，殘疾人和兒童在乘坐公車時(shí)是免費(fèi)的。所以拿到這樣的題目，我們應(yīng)該抓住主要名詞，然后看看這些名詞能不能進(jìn)行細(xì)分。這道題目中people我們可以分成弱勢(shì)群體和非弱勢(shì)群體。先承認(rèn)非弱勢(shì)群體在乘坐公交時(shí)應(yīng)該付費(fèi)，再轉(zhuǎn)折說(shuō)明弱勢(shì)群體則應(yīng)該免費(fèi)乘坐公交。同時(shí)，也可以對(duì)public
transport進(jìn)行分類，比較公交，地鐵，火車，飛機(jī)等等。但是后一種分類論述就不太容易了，我們不予考慮。
托福獨(dú)立寫作話題分類
教育類話題
教育類話題主要涉及到學(xué)生的一些基本情況，包括選課、就業(yè)、學(xué)?；顒?dòng)以及課下作業(yè)等很多方面。此外，學(xué)校的一些決策、設(shè)備變更、教師選擇等也都有涉及。教育類話題在托福寫作中的占比很高，在歷年托福寫作考試中大概占據(jù)25%左右的題目。
高分句型：現(xiàn)在，除了學(xué)習(xí)以外，還應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們?cè)谄渌芏喾矫媾囵B(yǎng)興趣，例如體育，繪畫和音樂(lè)等。
—>Today, in addition to_____, a student is also encouraged to _____
滿分詞匯：培養(yǎng)(某種素質(zhì)) —> cultivate/foster/nurture(vts)心理健康 —> psychological soundness/well-being/welfare(nouns)
社會(huì)類話題
社會(huì)類話題涉及的范圍很廣，主要是指一些社會(huì)話題、事件以及觀點(diǎn)類問(wèn)題。例如：Do you agree or disagree that society benefits more from works of greatartists than from political leaders.是否同意：藝術(shù)家比政治家對(duì)社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)大。
高分句型：摩天大廈造的環(huán)境問(wèn)題，很多人開始反思摩天大樓是否必要.
—>With these problems and the effect _____ has exerted on _____,many people have begun to wonder _____.
滿分詞匯：生活節(jié)奏加速 —> the tempo/pace of life has accelerated導(dǎo)致人與人的疏遠(yuǎn)—> create alienation between people 科技類話題
說(shuō)到“科技”，我們可能會(huì)想到現(xiàn)在日益發(fā)展的手機(jī)、電腦以及各種各樣新出現(xiàn)的科技產(chǎn)品等。這些科技產(chǎn)品使得我們的生活變得更加便利，高效。
高分句型：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)人們的生活方式產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響，它變革了人們生活方式以及思考問(wèn)題的方式。 —> _____ exerts such a profound effect on _____that _____.
滿分詞匯：尖端的技術(shù) —> cutting-edged(adj) technology信息爆炸 —> information explosion/ information overload
媒體類話題
媒體類話題涉及“電視，廣播，電腦，手機(jī)”對(duì)于我們生活的影響。提到這些媒體，我們就能夠聯(lián)想到媒體對(duì)現(xiàn)在生活帶來(lái)的影響和變化。而“效率”和“健康”是和媒體類分不開的兩個(gè)寫作思路。
高分句型：廣告的正面影響 —> For customers, advertising plays an imperative part in making them aware of the worth of the product or service...
滿分詞匯：實(shí)事 —> current affairs 充斥著... —> be awash with/ be inundated with 生活與工作類話題
這個(gè)話題可以繼續(xù)分為兩類，生活方式類和工作類。生活方式類題目主要是指人們對(duì)于一些生活方式的選擇，比如：在大城市好，還是在小城市居住比較好。包括居住地點(diǎn)、生活態(tài)度、生活方式選擇以及生活和工作的權(quán)衡等。對(duì)于這類題目往往是二選一的問(wèn)題，考生可以選擇自己支持的一方。
高分句型：人們可以采用很多方法增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)。其中一種方法就是進(jìn)行足量的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)?！?gt; Various ways can be adopted for people to_____.One of these ways is to _____.
滿分詞匯：精神上的享受 —> amusement and enjoyment 缺少運(yùn)動(dòng)的生活方式 —> sedentary lifestyle
環(huán)境類話題
由于近年來(lái)環(huán)境惡化，這類話題出現(xiàn)的概率也在攀高。說(shuō)到環(huán)境，我們就會(huì)想到諸如環(huán)境保護(hù)、節(jié)約、環(huán)境治理、環(huán)境保護(hù)以及節(jié)約等相關(guān)的話題。雖說(shuō)環(huán)境問(wèn)題是托福獨(dú)立寫作中的熟臉，我們生活中也經(jīng)常會(huì)談?wù)摰剿?/p>
高分句型：氣候變化，它可能影響到世界的任何角落，是一個(gè)全世界應(yīng)該處理的問(wèn)題。
—> _____, with its potential to impact every corner of the world, is an issue that must be addressed by the world.
滿分詞匯：生態(tài)平衡 —> ecological balance/ ecological equilibrium 對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)害的 —> environmentally-friendly
成功類話題
成功類話題一般考查成功的要素，就是怎樣才能夠成功。成功類話題常常涉及的關(guān)鍵字有機(jī)會(huì)、教育或知識(shí)、創(chuàng)造力、效率、能力等。其中，機(jī)會(huì)、創(chuàng)造力以及效率三方面在托福寫作中出現(xiàn)的概率最高。 高分句型：一些人認(rèn)為機(jī)會(huì)非常稀少，只有最幸運(yùn)的人才能獲得它。其他人則認(rèn)為，各種各樣的機(jī)會(huì)不時(shí)地來(lái)到每個(gè)人的身邊。我個(gè)人比較同意第二種說(shuō)法。
—> Some people believe that _____, while other people argue that_____. Personally, I agree with the latter to some extent.
滿分詞匯：努力去做的事情 —> commitment/ undertaking/ endeavor
政府投資類話題
政府類話題屬于考生不太熟悉的離生活比較遠(yuǎn)的話題，涉及政府決策的題目，我們就要考慮政府做一件事情的目的是什么，不光是為這件事情本身，肯定有一些隱含因素，比如為了促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、國(guó)家形象、人民生活、保護(hù)文化等等。
高分句型：根據(jù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局上周公布的數(shù)字，很多公司增加了投資，像福特，索尼這樣的外國(guó)廠商在華投入了更多的資金?！?gt;_____increased (decreased) _____, according to figures released last week by_____.低廉，語(yǔ)言環(huán)境優(yōu)越。
滿分詞匯：為...撥款 —> allocate money to sth./ subsidize(vt)/ invest in
托福寫作范文:假期少但是有趣有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作的利弊
2016年5月7日托福獨(dú)立寫作題目
Which do you prefer with the same rate of pay, an interesting and challenging job with less vacation or a job with more vacation time but less fun? 2016.5.7 ML
2016年5月7日托福獨(dú)立寫作真題回顧
An interesting and challenging job with less vacation or a boring job with more vacation, which one is better.
點(diǎn)睛
題目大意：一個(gè)假期少但是有趣有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作和一個(gè)假期多無(wú)聊的工作，哪個(gè)更好。 此題是一道比較類的題目，而且發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)種工作各有利弊，所以波波建議，用取決于的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)寫，即認(rèn)為那種工作好取決于人們的年齡，對(duì)于年齡大的人來(lái)說(shuō)后者好，對(duì)于年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，前者好。
托福寫作模板及參考答案：
托福寫作范文參考一:
2016年5月7日托福獨(dú)立寫作范文(新東方 周徐敏)
The next two months will witness the graduation of a huge number of college students in China, triggering an urgent issue whether it is better to seek an interesting and challenging job with less vacation than finding those jobs with more vacation but less fun. From my perspective, a challenging and interesting job matters more.
For one thing, mentally challenging jobs can keep employees’ mind sharp even long after retirement. To put it more specific, even a mentally demanding job may stress workers out today; it can provide important benefits after retirement. “Based on data spanning 18 years, a study suggests certain kinds of challenging jobs have the potential to enhance and protect workers’ mental functioning in later life,” said by Gwenith Fisher, a faculty associate at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research. The research analyzed data on 4,182 participants in the U-M Health and Retirement Study, which surveys a representative sample of more than 20,000 older Americans every two years and the final result reveals people who had worked in jobs with greater mental demands were more likely to have better memories before they retired and more likely to have slower declines in memory after retiring than people who had worked in jobs with fewer mental demands. Accordingly, being engaged in a challenging and interesting job will benefit employees’ mental functioning.
For another thing, the more challenging the job is, the higher salaries employees will be paid with. Generally speaking, a challenging job will require employees to master multiple capabilities and techniques and to undertake more responsibilities. Thus, they will be paid with high salaries, making it possible for them to do whatever stirs up their interest. For instance, one of my friends named Jason works as a top software engineer in a renewed IT company in China and he is well paid. Besides, his hobby is photography and travel in foreign countries. On weekends or public holidays he often chooses to take photographs in different places of historic interest and scenic beauty or travel abroad. In the near two years, he has traveled in many countries in Europe and Southeast Asia and take a lot of beautiful pictures. Obviously, compared with average citizens in big cities who are busy in dealing with a variety of problems in daily lives, Jason’s life experience can tell us that his high-paid job gives him chances to live a more leisure life during vacation.
Admittedly, if people choose to take a less-fun job with more vacation, they can spend more time with their families and doing what they like. In this way, they will live a less-pressure life. However, from what I believe, people should try their best to play to their strengths and talents on the career path especially when they are young and a challenging job will require employees to be fully devoted.
To conclude, a challenging job with less vacation is superior to a job with more vacation but less fun. (498 words)
托福寫作寫作參考二:
2016年5月7日托福獨(dú)立寫作參考范文
In the current society full of fierce competition, we can readily observe that landing an ideal job has become increasingly difficult, which forces us to a concession in the requirement of the job we want. When it comes to which is more appealing, an interesting job with less holiday or the boring one with more vacation, people varying in backgrounds and personalities may view the same issue from different angles. From my perspective, the issue should be analyzed case by case.
On the one hand, choosing a challenging job with less vacation is a wise move for the young. As we know, the defining characteristic of young adults is the degree to which they are endowed with lofty ambition and never fear any challenges. As a result, challenges accompanying the work will help young people to tap their potential capability and thus achieve greater success. For another, less spare time is not a big deal for the young, because they are so energetic and vigorous that a sound sleep can help them to restore their vitality. A good case in point is the experience my friend, Andy. As a broker in an Stock Exchange Company in Beijing, he has to deal with large quantities of data and keep close track of any events which may cause the fluctuation of stock price. Although the heavy pressure brought by his job often require him to work overtime and even around the clock, he never makes complaints because the exciting and adventurous experience from selling or buying stocks appeals him a lot.
On the other hand, older people prefer to select the relatively boring job with more leisure time. For one thing, boring jobs means that employees have to accomplish the same tasks again and again so that there is less pressure and stress, which is very important to the health of older people. As is common sense, the senior are more susceptible to various diseases such as hypertension and heart attack due to the weakening immune system. Consequently, any additional stress from work may pose a serious threat to their physical well-being. Also, older people are usually those who have got married or even have children, so spending more time accompanying their family members is of great significance. Undoubtedly, the job with more vacation can better satisfy the need of staying longer with their kids or spouse. During the stay, the emotional bond between them will become closer and more intimate.
Judging from what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that it depends on the age group of people whether the interesting job with less vacation is better than the monotonous one with more holiday.
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托福獨(dú)立寫作的常見題材
