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托業(yè)七大題型詳解:ShortReadings

時(shí)間: 楚薇20 分享

  為了幫助大家備考托業(yè),下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)托業(yè)七大題型詳解:Short Readings,預(yù)祝大家取得高分。

托業(yè)七大題型詳解:Short Readings

  Short Readings

  Format

  ------

  Part VII is the longest part of TOEIC. It's also the last part, so you may be starting to get tired. However, you need to stay focused on the test for a little longer. (Of course, if you want, you may work on part VII before you work on parts V and VI.)

  Part VII consists of short reading passages followed by questions about the passages. There are four possible answer choices for each question. You must pick the best answer choice based on the information in the passage and then mark that answer on your answer sheet.

  The Passages

  There are from twelve to fifteen passages. Most are quite short. Some consist of only three or four sentences; the longest have around 150 words. The passages deal with a wide variety of topics and involve many different types of written materials.

  There are from two to five questions per passage for a total of 40 questions. They include these three main types:

  1. Overview questions

  2. Detail questions

  3. Inference questions

  _Overview questions occur after most of the passages. To answer overview questions correctly, you need a "global" (overall) understanding of the passage. The most common overview question asks about the purpose or the main topic of the passage:

  What does this article mainly discuss?

  What is the purpose of this letter?

  Why was this notice written?

  Some ask about the best title or heading of a passage:

  What is the best heading for this announcement?

  Which of the fo/lowing is the best title for the article?

  Other overview questions ask about the writer of the passage, the readers of the passage, or the place of publication:

  In what business is the writer of the passage?

  What is the author's opinion of ____ ?

  Who would be most interested in the information in this announcement?

  For whom is this advertisement intended?

  Where was this article probably published_Detail questions, the most common type of Part VII question, ask about specific points in the passage. You will usually have to scan the passage to find and identify the information. Sometimes the answer and the information in the passage do not look the same. For example, a sentence in a passage may read "This process is not as simple as it once was." The correct answer may be "The process is now more complex."

  Some detail questions are negative questions. These almost always include the word NOT, which is printed in uppercase (capital) letters:

  Based on the information in the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

  Negative questions usually take longer to answer than other detail questions.

  _A few questions in Part VII are inference questions. The answers to these questions are not directly stated in the passage. Instead, you must draw a conclusion about the information that is given. Some typical inference questions:

  Which of these statements is probably true?

  Which of the following can be inferred from this notice?

  Answer Choices

  All are believable answers to the questions. Incorrect choices often contain information that is presented somewhere in the passage but does not correctly answer the question.

  A Note About Vocabulary

  Most of the vocabulary in the passages consists of relatively common English words and phrases, but there will certainly be expressions that you do not know. However, you can understand most of a reading and answer most of the questions even if you don't know the meaning of all the words. Also, you can guess the meaning of many unfamiliar words in the passages through context. In other words, you can use the familiar words in the sentence in which an unfamiliar word appears to get an idea of what the unfamiliar word means.

  Tactics

  -------

  1. First, look at the passage quickly to get an idea of what it is about.

  2. Next, read the questions about _Detail questions, the most common type of Part VII question, ask about specific points in the passage. You will usually have to scan the passage to find and identify the information. Sometimes the answer and the information in the passage do not look the same. For example, a sentence in a passage may read "This process is not as simple as it once was." The correct answer may be "The process is now more complex."

  Some detail questions are negative questions. These almost always include the word NOT, which is printed in uppercase (capital) letters:

  Based on the information in the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

  Negative questions usually take longer to answer than other detail questions.

  _A few questions in Part VII are inference questions. The answers to these questions are not directly stated in the passage. Instead, you must draw a conclusion about the information that is given. Some typical inference questions:

  Which of these statements is probably true?

  Which of the following can be inferred from this notice?

  Answer Choices

  All are believable answers to the questions. Incorrect choices often contain information that is presented somewhere in the passage but does not correctly answer the question.

  A Note About Vocabulary

  Most of the vocabulary in the passages consists of relatively common English words and phrases, but there will certainly be expressions that you do not know. However, you can understand most of a reading and answer most of the questions even if you don't know the meaning of all the words. Also, you can guess the meaning of many unfamiliar words in the passages through context. In other words, you can use the familiar words in the sentence in which an unfamiliar word appears to get an idea of what the unfamiliar word means.

  Tactics

  -------

  1. First, look at the passage quickly to get an idea of what it is about.

  2. Next, read the questions about

  托業(yè)聽(tīng)力成績(jī)提高法精聽(tīng)

  一些學(xué)生在參加托業(yè)(TOEIC)考試的時(shí)候,存在一個(gè)很普遍的現(xiàn)象,那就是語(yǔ)法還不錯(cuò)但聽(tīng)力卻一般。可能有的人會(huì)說(shuō)那是因?yàn)闆](méi)有好的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。這種說(shuō)法比較片面,本人覺(jué)得根本原因是聽(tīng)力基本功沒(méi)有練好,也就是“精聽(tīng)”這關(guān)沒(méi)有過(guò)!其實(shí)托業(yè)聽(tīng)力和閱讀一樣,也可以分為“精聽(tīng)”和“泛聽(tīng)”。對(duì)于那些想提高托業(yè)聽(tīng)力的網(wǎng)友來(lái)說(shuō),“精聽(tīng)”是一個(gè)必須的過(guò)程。而“精聽(tīng)”也有它遵循的步驟:

  1、先泛聽(tīng)一遍或幾遍,弄懂大概意思。

  2、再仔細(xì)地聽(tīng),可以一句一句反復(fù)地聽(tīng),把聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容寫(xiě)下來(lái)。

  3、把自己聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的跟原文相對(duì)照,閱讀原文,弄懂原文意思。

  4、根據(jù)自己所聽(tīng)的和原文的意思,再仔細(xì)聽(tīng),直至聽(tīng)明白每一個(gè)詞為止。

  在進(jìn)行精聽(tīng)的時(shí)候,還要注意發(fā)音中的一些小細(xì)節(jié),比如單詞的連讀,弱讀,爆破等??梢圆捎酶x的方式,這樣,不光練習(xí)了聽(tīng)力,你的口語(yǔ)水平也會(huì)提高的。此外,還要做到“耳腦并用”,在練聽(tīng)的同時(shí),屏棄中國(guó)式的思維方式。

  托業(yè)聽(tīng)力部分的應(yīng)考策略及樣題分析

  Part I: 圖片題(Photographs)

  簡(jiǎn)單的來(lái)說(shuō),就是看圖說(shuō)話。你會(huì)看到如下的一張圖片 。

  你需要聽(tīng)出來(lái)的是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一項(xiàng)的描述了這張圖片。

  (A) They’re leaving the room.

  (B) They’re turning on the machine.

  (C) They’re standing near the table

  (D) They’re reading the newspaper.

  這道題的正確答案是C。

  很多人看這張圖片的第一反應(yīng)是他們正在討論某個(gè)話題。但是在被選項(xiàng)中,卻沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)discuss這個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。因此,對(duì)于圖片題來(lái)說(shuō),切忌先入為主,設(shè)定關(guān)鍵詞。你需要做的就是尋找選項(xiàng)與圖片之間的吻合度。大多數(shù)情況下正確答案都是對(duì)這個(gè)場(chǎng)景的第三方描述。

  Part II: 問(wèn)答題(Question-Response)

  這部分的題目給考生帶來(lái)的困擾來(lái)源于從考題獲得的信息量偏少。

  你可以看到僅僅是 Mark your answer on the answer sheet

  你不但要聽(tīng)題干,更要聽(tīng)被選項(xiàng)。例如:

  Ms. Morikawa has worked here for a long time, hasn’t she?

  (A) At three o’clock.

  (B) No, I’ve lost my watch.

  (C) More than ten years.

  答案是C。你需要設(shè)身處地從題干的角度來(lái)選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)幕卮?。中?guó)的同學(xué)已經(jīng)習(xí)慣從選項(xiàng)中推測(cè)對(duì)話的內(nèi)容,做到心中有數(shù)。但是這里你沒(méi)有辦法這么去做,因此對(duì)于你的實(shí)際環(huán)境里的交流能力作出了測(cè)試。

  Part III: 對(duì)話題(Conversations)

  這部分是中國(guó)考生最熟悉的類(lèi)型。聽(tīng)取一段對(duì)話,大約4句,然后回答2-3道問(wèn)題。例如:

  (Woman) I think I’ll have to take the train to the regional sales meeting up in the city next week.

  (Man) don’t you usually drive when you go to those meetings? I thought you didn’t like to take the train.

  (Women) I don’t, but the highway’s being repaired, and I’m afraid I might be late if I have to make a detour through an area I don’t know very well.

  (Men) you’re right. and it’ll be expensive to park up there, too

  你需要回答一些問(wèn)題諸如

  Why is the woman going to the city?

  (A) To attend a sale考試大論壇

  (B) To go to a meeting

  (C) To get her car repaired

  (D) To go on a tour

  在這個(gè)題目中就明顯的包含了幾種常見(jiàn)的可能出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。比如,原文當(dāng)中有detour(繞開(kāi))這個(gè)詞,而D選項(xiàng)中tour來(lái)迷惑考生。整個(gè)對(duì)話的主題是圍繞著交通展開(kāi)的,會(huì)讓考生錯(cuò)誤的選擇C選項(xiàng)。正確的答案是B,因?yàn)楸绢}問(wèn)的是女生去城市的目的,而不是手段。正確的信息來(lái)源是 to regional meeting。

  商業(yè)托福考生考試心得分享:關(guān)于我的870

  在8月28的托業(yè)考試我得了440+430=870 雖然不是非常高的分,但應(yīng)一個(gè)網(wǎng)友的要求,我想談?wù)勎覍?duì)托業(yè)考試的心得。

  在開(kāi)始之前 我覺(jué)得有幾點(diǎn)很有必要申明

  1 我只對(duì)我在整個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中做過(guò)的事談?wù)?,沒(méi)有做的,或事后覺(jué)得可能會(huì)有用的想法我不會(huì)提出來(lái),因?yàn)闆](méi)有自己去做,可行性值得推敲。

  2 每個(gè)人的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)不同,學(xué)習(xí)方法各異,我的方法不見(jiàn)得就是適用于你的,僅供參考。

  3 我的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ):4級(jí)87 6級(jí)73。所以在開(kāi)始借鑒我的方法時(shí)多考慮你的英語(yǔ)處于怎樣的水平,不要盲目照搬。

  4 學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)是個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程,要的是持之以恒,沒(méi)有捷徑。請(qǐng)不要寄希望于靠神奇的方法來(lái)使英語(yǔ)突飛猛進(jìn)。

  5 我是大四學(xué)生,迫于找工作需要,考的TOEIC。我認(rèn)為它對(duì)英語(yǔ)水平提高沒(méi)有什么幫助。所以,想考的同學(xué)要清楚自己考這個(gè)目的是什么,不要什么熱就考什么。

  一 報(bào)名:

  報(bào)名的步驟很簡(jiǎn)單,可以到托業(yè)官網(wǎng)去看看。總的來(lái)說(shuō)就是匯款+注冊(cè)。我報(bào)名是通過(guò)電話與大連一個(gè)指定點(diǎn)聯(lián)系后報(bào)名的,除了匯款,其余的程序都在網(wǎng)上完成的。是打電話到一個(gè)指定點(diǎn),由他們指導(dǎo)報(bào)名流程,非常便捷。

  二 復(fù)習(xí)材料準(zhǔn)備:

  現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上似乎托業(yè)真題是很難找,我在假期前去學(xué)校的圖書(shū)館借了兩本ETS出的托業(yè)模擬題集,好象是個(gè)在托業(yè)和ETS領(lǐng)域干了很多年的老頭寫(xiě)的。再配了磁帶,就放假回家開(kāi)始準(zhǔn)備了。建議書(shū)買(mǎi)比較新的版本,我的那本就很老了,98年出的,我在考試中就發(fā)現(xiàn)聽(tīng)力和閱讀與練的出入挺大。

  至于托業(yè)詞匯,聽(tīng)力資料什么的,我沒(méi)有找到,所以不妄做評(píng)論。

  三 準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程:

  首先明確一點(diǎn),這是個(gè)水平考試,一切都是以你現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)來(lái)作準(zhǔn)備的。不要想一下就達(dá)到什么水平,你所做的只是完美的體現(xiàn)出你的水平,而非通過(guò)考試來(lái)提高你的水平。我在回家前做了一套模擬題,720分,但是答的太快,涂完卡還剩了30分鐘,覺(jué)得沒(méi)有充分發(fā)揮水平。后來(lái)慢慢做,剩個(gè)20分鐘左右的速度,開(kāi)始穩(wěn)定在770左右。所以先摸清楚你的水平,再做其他打算。

  其次,我沒(méi)有做單項(xiàng)針對(duì)練習(xí),都是一套套做的。我認(rèn)為適應(yīng)這個(gè)題量和時(shí)間是很重要的。

  我的學(xué)習(xí)方法:

  閱讀單選部分:

  通過(guò)幾套題后,我意識(shí)到,后100題雖然簡(jiǎn)單(每次可以保持在錯(cuò)12道左右),但是在上面拿更高的分很難了,因?yàn)槟切┗A(chǔ)性的東西是很難短時(shí)間提高的。所以把精力放在后100題是不明智的。

  聽(tīng)力部分:

  聽(tīng)力部分則是托業(yè)的重點(diǎn)。聽(tīng)力決定了你的成績(jī)是否能拔尖。聽(tīng)力部分總分比閱讀單選部分多十分。我一開(kāi)始聽(tīng)力要錯(cuò)25個(gè)左右,而且連續(xù)很多套題我都是穩(wěn)定在錯(cuò)25個(gè),說(shuō)明的確是水平考試,光練題聽(tīng)力似乎沒(méi)有什么進(jìn)展。我沒(méi)有其他資料,就采取以下的方法:

  1 模擬一套題后,對(duì)完答案,開(kāi)始反復(fù)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)力部分,一道一道的聽(tīng)。通常是聽(tīng)上3,4遍還是聽(tīng)不懂,就看聽(tīng)力原文。接著把不熟悉的詞匯和表達(dá)記到一個(gè)本子上。再反復(fù)聽(tīng),達(dá)到一種程度——就是不動(dòng)腦筋就聽(tīng)懂了就行。因?yàn)槲铱谡Z(yǔ)一直學(xué)的是美語(yǔ),對(duì)美語(yǔ)的發(fā)音習(xí)慣比較了解,所以很容易進(jìn)入狀態(tài)。想要聽(tīng)力提高,和你的口語(yǔ)發(fā)音,詞匯記憶是很有關(guān)系的。如果你讀的記的都是錯(cuò)的,又怎么能聽(tīng)懂呢。建議注意區(qū)分美音和英音。

  2 每天堅(jiān)持聽(tīng)一篇VOA STANDARD。方法同上,直到聽(tīng)得明明白白。不建議聽(tīng)SPECIAL,太慢了,只能拖慢你的聽(tīng)力。要聽(tīng)就聽(tīng)正常語(yǔ)速的。

  這樣堅(jiān)持了8套題,但是我覺(jué)得還是沒(méi)有什么起色,不過(guò)我相信我的目前水平還沒(méi)有完全展示,繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)就行了。在假期斷斷續(xù)續(xù)(光玩了)做了這8套后(那時(shí)候好象還沒(méi)有上800),很沮喪的提前回到學(xué)校繼續(xù)練習(xí)。

  在學(xué)校宿舍一個(gè)人,平靜多了,開(kāi)始安心學(xué)習(xí)。還是那套方法,多了一個(gè)詞匯筆記和單選改錯(cuò)的錯(cuò)題集。

  逐漸的,我發(fā)現(xiàn)托業(yè)聽(tīng)力有規(guī)律可循,就兩個(gè)字“邏輯”。很多聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容都遵循這個(gè),問(wèn)什么,答什么,都有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性。尤其是PART2 一定要注意聽(tīng)清第一句話的疑問(wèn)詞,WHERE WHEN WHAT還是什么,答案就跑不了了。

  我聽(tīng)力的考試技巧是這樣的:

  開(kāi)始試音,迅速開(kāi)始看PART4部分,一直看到PART1的試音結(jié)束,開(kāi)始答PART1。PART2開(kāi)始試音時(shí)開(kāi)始看PART3,看多少算多少。PART3試音時(shí)開(kāi)始重新看PART3。

  PART2:一定要注意聽(tīng)清第一句話的疑問(wèn)詞,WHERE WHEN WHAT還是什么,用正常的邏輯推理,答案就很明確了。

  PART3:練習(xí)多了同學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)PAET3有些對(duì)話根本不用聽(tīng)完,如果你預(yù)先看了選項(xiàng),聽(tīng)前兩句就能得到答案了,后面的信息大多是用來(lái)輔助說(shuō)明的。但也有些陷阱什么的,不過(guò)占少數(shù)。

  PART4:PART4的預(yù)讀很重要,同時(shí)時(shí)間也是最充足的。因?yàn)橥ǔJ锹?tīng)完我們基本就選完了,而考題卻還要逐道的說(shuō)“現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)答...題”。這個(gè)時(shí)間就可以用來(lái)看下面的題了。

  除了邏輯性外,還要注意,如果沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂,千萬(wàn)不要在那里思考,一旦停頓,會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響你后面的答題。沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂就立刻放下,做下一個(gè)。

  這樣堅(jiān)持練習(xí),嚴(yán)格按照考試模擬,對(duì)這門(mén)考試就能很好應(yīng)付了,也能體現(xiàn)出你的真實(shí)水平了。我回學(xué)校后的第2套題終于上了800,然后發(fā)現(xiàn)模擬練習(xí)基本就停留在840左右了,我的閱讀沒(méi)有什么變化,但是聽(tīng)力是明顯好多了,能保持在錯(cuò)15個(gè)左右。聽(tīng)力對(duì)80個(gè)以上,總分上800就很容易了。

  之后我保持了考前一天一套模擬題,最后27號(hào)休息一天,27號(hào)下午到了大連,28號(hào)考完。

  兩周后查到成績(jī) 聽(tīng)力440 閱讀430,總分870。

  最后我想說(shuō)的是,個(gè)人的學(xué)習(xí)方法都不同,能自己找到適合自己的路。考試時(shí)調(diào)整好心態(tài),相信實(shí)力到了,自然能得那些分?jǐn)?shù)。這個(gè)過(guò)程中,我認(rèn)為我提高的只是考試的技巧,而TOEIC對(duì)于英語(yǔ)的提高真是微乎其微。希望大家還是注重平時(shí)的積累和學(xué)習(xí),注重英語(yǔ)的聽(tīng)和說(shuō)的應(yīng)用,而不是為了考證書(shū)而學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。我很喜歡英語(yǔ),希望大家也能喜歡并享受學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程。

  都考個(gè)好成績(jī)呀!!

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