下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的經(jīng)典英語(yǔ)文摘：The Next World，歡迎大家閱讀!

　　Ask any cab driver in Beijing, and they can tell you without hesitation what ails their country: China just has too many people, they will say with a Sigh.

　　隨便問(wèn)一位北京出租車司機(jī)，困擾中國(guó)的問(wèn)題是什么?他們都會(huì)毫不猶豫地嘆口氣答道:中國(guó)就是人太多了。

　　But economists disagree, and as the population reaches a turning point- the number of entrants to the workforce may peak this year the country is set for a difficult adjustment, with growing labour market pressures bearing on the workshop of the world.

　　但經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們卻不同意這種觀點(diǎn)。而且，隨著中國(guó)人口總數(shù)達(dá)到拐點(diǎn)(新增勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量可能于今年見(jiàn)頂)，這個(gè)世界工廠的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)將日益趨緊，中國(guó)勢(shì)必將面臨一個(gè)艱難的調(diào)整。

　　That is a transition that China's neighbour, India set

　　to overtake it as the world's most populous nation in 2025 hopes to capitalise on, as entrants to its labour market will rise annually for the next 14 years.

　　面對(duì)這一轉(zhuǎn)變，中國(guó)的鄰邦印度希望自己能夠從中獲益。印度將在2025年超過(guò)中國(guó)，成為世界上人口最多的國(guó)家。今后的14年，印度的新增勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量每年都將增長(zhǎng)。

　　But many analysts are questioning whether India with its overstretched, underdeveloped infrastructure and its poorly educated youth really has the capacity to take up the slack.

　　但考慮到該國(guó)欠發(fā)達(dá)、超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，以及受教育程度較低的年輕人，許多分析人士懷疑，印度是否真的有能力填補(bǔ)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的缺口。

　　"In all likelihood, India will not be able to benefit from this reduction in the growth of China's labour force, simply because India is not ready to have a manufacturing sector as large as China's," says Laveesh Bhandari, founding director of Indicus Analytics the New Delhi -based economics research house. "Infrastructure is limited and too expensive, and the human capital base is not deep enough."

　　新德里經(jīng)濟(jì)研究機(jī)構(gòu)Indicus Analytics的創(chuàng)始董事拉維什·班達(dá)里表示:"印度十有八九無(wú)法從中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力增長(zhǎng)減緩中受益，這不過(guò)是因?yàn)椋《冗€沒(méi)有為建立像中國(guó)那樣龐大的制造業(yè)做好準(zhǔn)備。這里的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施有限且過(guò)于昂貴，人力資本基礎(chǔ)也不夠雄厚。"

　　China, where the total workforce is due to start falling by about 2016, is already showing symptoms of a tightening labour market, with the country rocked this summer by a spate of labour disputes and strikes, by staff demanding higher wages.

　　到2016年左右，中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力總數(shù)將開始下降。中國(guó)目前已顯現(xiàn)出勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)日益趨緊的征兆。今年夏季，要求加薪的工人們?cè)斐闪艘贿B串勞資糾紛和罷工事件，震撼了中國(guó)各地。

　　The unrest has fuelled debate about whether China has reached its "Lewis turning point", named after Nobel laureate Arthur Lewis, who theorised that a developing economy's wages will rise sharply once labour demand from industry has exhausted available surplus' labour from the agricultural sector.

　　這些動(dòng)藹促使人們就中國(guó)是否已進(jìn)入"劉易斯拐點(diǎn)"展開了爭(zhēng)論。這一概念是 以諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主阿瑟·劉易斯名字命名的，他認(rèn)為，一旦某個(gè)發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體的工業(yè)部門的勞動(dòng)力需求徹底消化掉來(lái)自農(nóng)業(yè)部門的剩余勞動(dòng)力供應(yīng)，該經(jīng)濟(jì)體的工資水平就將大幅上升。

　　Some economists believe that China reached this tipping point in 2004. when manufacturers in the Pearl River Delta reported labour shortages although pressures eased temporarily during the global financial crisis when demand for Chinese exports fell.

　　一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，中國(guó)在2004年就已進(jìn)入這個(gè)拐點(diǎn)，當(dāng)時(shí)珠江三角洲的制造業(yè)企業(yè)出現(xiàn)了勞動(dòng)力短缺現(xiàn)象一一盡管在全球金融危機(jī)期間，當(dāng)外界對(duì)中國(guó)出口的需求下滑之時(shí)，短缺壓力暫時(shí)得到了緩解。

　　But this year, the manufacturing hubs of Guangzhou and Dongguan have both raised their minimum wages, and many companies are expanding leisure activities and improving food at their factory compounds in order to boost worker retention.

　　但今年，廣州和東莞這兩個(gè)制造業(yè)中心都上調(diào)了最低工資;許多企業(yè)則在工業(yè)園區(qū)內(nèi)增加休閑活動(dòng)、改善伙食，以降低工人流失率。

　　Companies such as Foxconn, the electronics maker, have also begun moving inland closer to the areas where their workers hail from hoping to make it easier to gain new recruits, and thereby forcing local factories to raise their wages to compete.

　　此外，電子產(chǎn)品制造商富士康等企業(yè)還著手向內(nèi)陸地區(qū)遷移，靠近勞動(dòng)力的來(lái)掘地，希望借此能夠更容易招到人。這進(jìn)而又迫使當(dāng)?shù)毓S提高工資水平，以應(yīng)對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

　　"The consensus is that China is probably approaching the Lewis turning point soon, based on recent developments in population growth and also the one-child policy," says Jiang Tingsong, senior economist at the Centre for International Economics in Australia.

　　澳大利亞國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)中心高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家蔣庭松表示:"人們一致認(rèn)為，中國(guó)可能很快就將進(jìn)入劉易斯拐點(diǎn)。這一共識(shí)基于人口增長(zhǎng)的新動(dòng)向以及獨(dú)生子女政策。"

　　Rising wages in the coming years are expected to drive manufacturers away from low-value-added sectors, while rising consumption by better-paid Chinese workers will play a bigger role in propelling the domestic economy.

　　預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)幾年里，一方面不斷上漲的工資將迫使制造商退出低附加值行業(yè);另一方面，中國(guó)工人在加薪后將擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)，在推動(dòng)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)方面發(fā)揮更大的作用。

　　Morgan Stanley has projected that Chinese labour's share of gross domestic product would rise from its current level of 15 per cent to at least 30 per cent by 2020, reversing the trend of the past decade, in which wage growth has trailed economic expansion.

　　摩根士丹利預(yù)計(jì)，到2020年，中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重，將從目前的 15%上升到至少30%.，扭轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去十年里工資增長(zhǎng)落后于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)。

　　"If wages rise, then the household share of national income must rise. That would be a very beneficial process and that would aid the economic re-balancing," explains Arthur Kroeber, managing director of Dragonomics, an independent research and advisory firm.

　　"如果工資上漲，那么國(guó)民收入中家庭所占的比重肯定也會(huì)上升。這將是一個(gè)非常有益的過(guò)程，有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)平衡理葛藝豪解釋道。

　　Yet some economists fret that tightening labour supplies will lead to slower growth and higher inflation.

　　但一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家擔(dān)心，勞動(dòng)力供應(yīng)趨緊將導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)減速和通脹抬頭。

　　Mr Jiang estimates that a 5 per cent reduction in the size of China's unskilled labour force could result in a 2 per cent slowdown in GDP.

　　蔣庭松估計(jì)，中國(guó)非熟練勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量若減少5%，可能會(huì)造成GDP增速減少兩個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

　　In China's labour headaches, some Indians see opportunity. The UN estimates that India's population will rise by 26 per cent from 1.2bn in 2010 to 1.5bn in 2035, while its labour force will rise by 33 per cent to nearly 1 bn.

　　一些印度人從中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力困局中看到了機(jī)會(huì)。聯(lián)合國(guó)估計(jì)，到2035年，印度人口將較2010年增長(zhǎng)26%，從12億人增至15億人;同期勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量將增長(zhǎng)33%，達(dá)到近10億人。

　　By then, Indians of working age 15 to 59 will account for about 65 per cent of the population, making India the world's largest labour market.

　　屆時(shí)，處在工作年齡段(15歲至59歲)的印度人將占到該國(guó)總?cè)丝诘?6517毛左右，令該國(guó)成為全球最大的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)。

　　Goldman Sachs says that India's labour force will grow by 110m people over the next 10 years, the largest addition to the global labour force, which could potentially add 4 percentage points to GDP growth over the next decade.

　　高盛表示，未來(lái)十年印度的勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量將增加1.1億人，成為對(duì)全球勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)貢獻(xiàn)最大的國(guó)家;未來(lái)十年印度的GDP增速可能由此增加四個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

　　But what worries many Indian business executives, economists and policymakers is whether the country's economy can absorb the masses of aspiring workers, mainly from poor rural areas and with little or no training. While nearly 13m young Indians are entering the workforce every year, India's vocational training system has the capacity to train just 3.1 m a year. Many young people lack even rudimentary' skills.

　　但令許多印度商界高管、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和政策制定者擔(dān)心的是，印度經(jīng)濟(jì)是否能夠消化如此眾多渴望成功的工人——這些工人主要來(lái)自貧窮的鄉(xiāng)下，很少或根本沒(méi)有受過(guò)培訓(xùn)。印度每年有近1300萬(wàn)年輕人加入勞動(dòng)力大軍，但該國(guó)的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)體系每年只能培訓(xùn)310萬(wàn)人。許多印度年輕人甚至缺乏最基本的技能。

　　"We do not have people who are actually functionally literate," says Mr Bhandari. "Most of our labour force is inappropriate for the mass manufacturing practices that China has excelled at."

　　班達(dá)里表示"我們沒(méi)有多少真正受過(guò)足夠多教育的人。我們的勞動(dòng)力大多不適合從事中國(guó)人擅長(zhǎng)的大規(guī)模制造業(yè)工作。