初中英語動詞不定式用法全面解析
動詞不定式是初中英語的語法重點之一,也是每年中考英語試題的考點之一。下面是小編整理的初中英語動詞不定式用法全面解析,希望大家喜歡。
初中英語動詞不定式用法全面解析
它是動詞的一種非謂語形式,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,不能單獨作句子的謂語。其構(gòu)成形式為“to+動詞原形”,to為動詞不定式的符號,本身無意義。動詞不定式具有兩大特點:
1.具有動詞的特點,因此,后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀語,構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語。
2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點,可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語、定語、表語及同位語等。下面以近幾年全國部分省市的中考英語試題為例,對不定式的難點以及它在中考英語中的考查點,作以簡要的總結(jié)和分析,供同學們學習時參考。
1
動詞不定式作主語
1. It's our duty _________ the room every day.
A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肅?。?/p>
2. It's hard for us _________ English well.
A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西?。?/p>
3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM工人們一年多的時間。
It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))
4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.
A. for,of B. of, for C. to, for D. of, to(安徽?。?/p>
Keys:1. A 2. C 3. take, to,build 4. B
[簡析]動詞不定式作主語時,可以直接放在謂語動詞前面的主語位置,也可以用先行詞it作形式主語,而將真正的主語(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有:(1)It is +形容詞(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名詞 (for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容詞 (for sb)to do sth.句式 (1)中常用nice,kind, clever,good, right,wrong, foolish, careless等形容詞,與介詞of搭配,這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質(zhì);句式(4)中常用hard,difficult, easy, important等形容詞,與介詞for搭配,表述不定式表示的動作、行為的性質(zhì)。
2
動詞不定式作賓語
1. He wants ______ some vegetables.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西?。?/p>
2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)
3. He found it very difficult ______.
A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南?。?/p>
Keys:1. C 2. A 3. D
[簡析]在want, like, agree,hope,wish, learn, begin, start, seem, decide, hate, choose, forget, remember等動詞后面,可以接不定式作賓語。如果其后接形容詞補足語時,則可以用it作形式賓語,而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面。
3
動詞不定式作賓語補足語
1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江蘇?。?/p>
2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.
A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肅省)Key:1. B 2. C
[簡析]不定式可以用作賓語補足語。后面可以接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有 :ask, teach, expect,tell, allow等。
4
動詞不定式作狀語
1. She went ______ her teacher.
A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西?。?/p>
2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)Key:1. A 2. C
[簡析]go, come, try,do / try one's best等動詞或短語動詞作謂語時,其后常常可以接不定式作目的狀語。
3. I'm sorry ______ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)
4. I'm sorry ______ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林?。?/p>
Keys:3. D 4. B
[簡析]“be +形容詞+ to do sth”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語,常表示原因或方式。
5. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改為意思相同的句子)The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a fat panda to go through. (廣東?。?/p>
6. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改為意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______. (廣東省)
Keys: 5. is, too,small, for 6. thick, for,to, skate,on
[簡析]在上述“too +形容詞/副詞 (for sb)to do…”(太……而不能……)和“enough (for sb) to do…”(足以、足夠……做……)結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式作結(jié)果狀語。B13a.
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